See also Suslov (2003).
See Β§5.18.
These were introduced in Carlitz (1954a, 1958). The Ξ²nβ‘(x,q) are, in fact, rational functions of q, and not necessarily polynomials. The Am,sβ‘(q) are always polynomials in q, and the am,sβ‘(q) are polynomials in q for 0β€sβ€m.
See §§17.8 and 20.5.
See §§18.27β18.29.