Gauss%20multiplication%20formula

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1: 15.5 Derivatives and Contiguous Functions

… ►

§15.5(i) Differentiation Formulas

… ►The six functions

F\left(a\pm 1,b;c;z\right)

F\left(a,b\pm 1;c;z\right)

F\left(a,b;c\pm 1;z\right)

are said to be contiguous to

F\left(a,b;c;z\right)

. … ►

15.5.12

(b-a)F\left(a,b;c;z\right)+aF\left(a+1,b;c;z\right)-bF\left(a,b+1;c;z\right)=0,

ⓘ

Symbols:: $F\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ or $F\left({\NVar{a},\NVar{b}\atop\NVar{c}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : $={{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $z$ : complex variable, $a$ : real or complex parameter, $b$ : real or complex parameter and $c$ : real or complex parameter
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.5.E12
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §15.5(ii), §15.5 and Ch.15

… ►By repeated applications of (15.5.11)–(15.5.18) any function

F\left(a+k,b+\ell;c+m;z\right)

, in which

k,\ell,m

are integers, can be expressed as a linear combination of

F\left(a,b;c;z\right)

and any one of its contiguous functions, with coefficients that are rational functions of

a, b, c

, and

z

. … ►

15.5.20

z(1-z)\left(\ifrac{\mathrm{d}F\left(a,b;c;z\right)}{\mathrm{d}z}\right)=(c-a)F% \left(a-1,b;c;z\right)+(a-c+bz)F\left(a,b;c;z\right)=(c-b)F\left(a,b-1;c;z% \right)+(b-c+az)F\left(a,b;c;z\right),

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Symbols:: $F\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ or $F\left({\NVar{a},\NVar{b}\atop\NVar{c}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : $={{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $\frac{\mathrm{d}\NVar{f}}{\mathrm{d}\NVar{x}}$ : derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$ : complex variable, $a$ : real or complex parameter, $b$ : real or complex parameter and $c$ : real or complex parameter
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.5.E20
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §15.5(ii), §15.5 and Ch.15

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2: Bibliography K

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S. L. Kalla (1992) On the evaluation of the Gauss hypergeometric function. C. R. Acad. Bulgare Sci. 45 (6), pp. 35–36.

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External Links:: ISSN 0861-1459, MathReview, ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §15.15, §15.19(i).
Encodings:: BibTeX

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R. B. Kearfott, M. Dawande, K. Du, and C. Hu (1994) Algorithm 737: INTLIB: A portable Fortran 77 interval standard-function library. ACM Trans. Math. Software 20 (4), pp. 447–459.

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External Links:: ISSN 0098-3500, Document, GAMS (module 737; package TOMS), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: 1st item.
Encodings:: BibTeX

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M. K. Kerimov (1980) Methods of computing the Riemann zeta-function and some generalizations of it. USSR Comput. Math. and Math. Phys. 20 (6), pp. 212–230.

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External Links:: Document, MathReview (Matti Jutila), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §25.18(i).
Encodings:: BibTeX

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A. V. Kitaev and A. H. Vartanian (2004) Connection formulae for asymptotics of solutions of the degenerate third Painlevé equation. I. Inverse Problems 20 (4), pp. 1165–1206.

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External Links:: ISSN 0266-5611, Document, MathReview (Shun Shimomura), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §32.11(iv).
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

T. H. Koornwinder (2009) The Askey scheme as a four-manifold with corners. Ramanujan J. 20 (3), pp. 409–439.

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External Links:: ISSN 1382-4090, Document, FullText, MathReview (José Luis López), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §18.26(v), §18.26(v).
Encodings:: BibTeX

…

3: 27.2 Functions

… ►

§27.2(i) Definitions

… ►Euclid’s Elements (Euclid (1908, Book IX, Proposition 20)) gives an elegant proof that there are infinitely many primes. … ►Gauss and Legendre conjectured that

\pi\left(x\right)

is asymptotic to

x/\ln x

x\to\infty

: …(See Gauss (1863, Band II, pp. 437–477) and Legendre (1808, p. 394).) … ►

27.2.8

a^{\phi\left(n\right)}\equiv 1\pmod{n},

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Symbols:: $\phi\left(\NVar{n}\right)$ : Euler’s totient, $\equiv$ : modular equivalence, $n$ : positive integer and $a$ : primitive root
A&S Ref:: 24.3.2 II.B
Referenced by:: §27.16, §27.8
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.2.E8
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §27.2(i), §27.2 and Ch.27

…

5: 16.12 Products

… ►

16.12.1

{{}_{0}F_{1}}\left(-;a;z\right){{}_{0}F_{1}}\left(-;b;z\right)={{}_{2}F_{3}}% \left({\frac{1}{2}(a+b),\frac{1}{2}(a+b-1)\atop a,b,a+b-1};4z\right).

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Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Referenced by:: (10.8.3), §10.8, §10.8, §16.12, Erratum (V1.0.17) for Section 10.8
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.12.E1
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.12 and Ch.16

►The following formula is often referred to as Clausen’s formula ►

16.12.2

\left({{}_{2}F_{1}}\left({a,b\atop a+b+\frac{1}{2}};z\right)\right)^{2}={{}_{3% }F_{2}}\left({2a,2b,a+b\atop a+b+\frac{1}{2},2a+2b};z\right).

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Symbols:: ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ : $=F\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Referenced by:: §16.12, §17.9(iii), Erratum (V1.1.12) for Subsection 17.9(iii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.12.E2
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.12 and Ch.16

… ►

16.12.3

\left({{}_{2}F_{1}}\left({a,b\atop c};z\right)\right)^{2}=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}% \frac{{\left(2a\right)_{k}}{\left(2b\right)_{k}}{\left(c-\frac{1}{2}\right)_{k% }}}{{\left(c\right)_{k}}{\left(2c-1\right)_{k}}k!}{{}_{4}F_{3}}\left({-\frac{1% }{2}k,\frac{1}{2}(1-k),a+b-c+\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\atop a+\frac{1}{2},b+% \frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{2}-k-c};1\right)z^{k},

|z|<1

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Symbols:: ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ : $=F\left(\NVar{a},\NVar{b};\NVar{c};\NVar{z}\right)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${\left(\NVar{a}\right)_{\NVar{n}}}$ : Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $!$ : factorial (as in $n!$ ), $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Referenced by:: §16.12
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.12.E3
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.12 and Ch.16

…

6: 20.11 Generalizations and Analogs

… ►

§20.11(i) Gauss Sum

►For relatively prime integers

m, n

with

n>0

and

m n

even, the Gauss sum

G(m,n)

is defined by … … ► … ►Similar identities can be constructed for

{{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(\tfrac{1}{3},\tfrac{2}{3};1;k^{2}\right)

{{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(\tfrac{1}{4},\tfrac{3}{4};1;k^{2}\right)

, and

{{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(\tfrac{1}{6},\tfrac{5}{6};1;k^{2}\right)

. …

7: 17.7 Special Cases of Higher ${{}_{r}\phi_{s}}$ Functions

… ►

$q$ -Analog of Bailey’s ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(-1\right)$ Sum

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$q$ -Analog of Gauss’s ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(-1\right)$ Sum

… ►

$q$ -Analog of Dixon’s ${{}_{3}F_{2}}\left(1\right)$ Sum

… ►

Gasper–Rahman $q$ -Analog of Watson’s ${{}_{3}F_{2}}$ Sum

… ►

Second $q$ -Analog of Bailey’s ${{}_{4}F_{3}}\left(1\right)$ Sum

…

9: Bibliography V

… ►

H. C. van de Hulst (1980) Multiple Light Scattering. Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York.

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Referenced by:: §6.17.
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

A. J. van der Poorten (1980) Some Wonderful Formulas

\ldots

an Introduction to Polylogarithms. In Proceedings of the Queen’s Number Theory Conference, 1979 (Kingston, Ont., 1979), R. Ribenboim (Ed.), Queen’s Papers in Pure and Appl. Math., Vol. 54, Kingston, Ont., pp. 269–286.

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External Links:: MathReview (F. Beukers), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: (25.6.10), (25.6.8), (25.6.9), §25.6(i), §25.6.
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

A. Verma and V. K. Jain (1983) Certain summation formulae for

q

-series. J. Indian Math. Soc. (N.S.) 47 (1-4), pp. 71–85 (1986).

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External Links:: ISSN 0019-5839, MathReview Entry, ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: (17.6.4_5), §17.6(i), (17.8.8), §17.8.
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

R. Vidūnas (2005) Transformations of some Gauss hypergeometric functions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 178 (1-2), pp. 473–487.

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External Links:: ISSN 0377-0427, Document, Link, MathReview (Wolfgang Bühring), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §15.8(v).
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

H. Volkmer (2004a) Error estimates for Rayleigh-Ritz approximations of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Mathieu and spheroidal wave equation. Constr. Approx. 20 (1), pp. 39–54.

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External Links:: ISSN 0176-4276, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §30.16(i), §30.16(ii), §30.16(ii).
Encodings:: BibTeX

…

10: Bibliography M

… ►

A. J. MacLeod (1996b) Rational approximations, software and test methods for sine and cosine integrals. Numer. Algorithms 12 (3-4), pp. 259–272.

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Notes:: Includes Fortran code, maximum accuracy 20S.
External Links:: ISSN 1017-1398, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §6.13, 4th item, §6.21(ii).
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

W. Magnus and S. Winkler (1966) Hill’s Equation. Interscience Tracts in Pure and Applied Mathematics, No. 20, Interscience Publishers John Wiley & Sons, New York-London-Sydney.

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Notes:: Reprinted by Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1979.
External Links:: MathReview (H. Hochstadt), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §1.3(iii), §28.29(i), §28.29(ii), §28.29(ii), §28.29(iii), §28.29(iii), §28.29(iii), §28.30(i), Ch.28, §29.3(i), §29.9.
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

Fr. Mechel (1966) Calculation of the modified Bessel functions of the second kind with complex argument. Math. Comp. 20 (95), pp. 407–412.

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External Links:: ISSN 0025-5718, FullText, MathReview (H. E. Fettis), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §10.74(iii).
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

R. Metzler, J. Klafter, and J. Jortner (1999) Hierarchies and logarithmic oscillations in the temporal relaxation patterns of proteins and other complex systems. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U .S. A. 96 (20), pp. 11085–11089.

ⓘ

External Links:: FullText
Referenced by:: §8.24(i).
Encodings:: BibTeX

… ►

D. S. Moak (1981) The

q

-analogue of the Laguerre polynomials. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 81 (1), pp. 20–47.

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External Links:: ISSN 0022-247X, Document, MathReview (R. A. Askey), ZentralBlatt
Referenced by:: §18.27(v).
Encodings:: BibTeX

…

Gauss%20multiplication%20formula

1—10 of 413 matching pages

1: 15.5 Derivatives and Contiguous Functions

§15.5(i) Differentiation Formulas

2: Bibliography K

3: 27.2 Functions

§27.2(i) Definitions

4: 20 Theta Functions

Chapter 20 Theta Functions

5: 16.12 Products

6: 20.11 Generalizations and Analogs

§20.11(i) Gauss Sum

7: 17.7 Special Cases of Higher ${{}_{r}\phi_{s}}$ Functions

$q$ -Analog of Bailey’s ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(-1\right)$ Sum

$q$ -Analog of Gauss’s ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(-1\right)$ Sum

$q$ -Analog of Dixon’s ${{}_{3}F_{2}}\left(1\right)$ Sum

Gasper–Rahman $q$ -Analog of Watson’s ${{}_{3}F_{2}}$ Sum

Second $q$ -Analog of Bailey’s ${{}_{4}F_{3}}\left(1\right)$ Sum

8: 15.4 Special Cases

9: Bibliography V

10: Bibliography M

Gauss%20multiplication%20formula

1—10 of 413 matching pages

1: 15.5 Derivatives and Contiguous Functions

§15.5(i) Differentiation Formulas

2: Bibliography K

3: 27.2 Functions

§27.2(i) Definitions

4: 20 Theta Functions

Chapter 20 Theta Functions

5: 16.12 Products

6: 20.11 Generalizations and Analogs

§20.11(i) Gauss Sum

7: 17.7 Special Cases of Higher ϕ s r Functions

q -Analog of Bailey’s F 1 2 ⁡ ( − 1 ) Sum

q -Analog of Gauss’s F 1 2 ⁡ ( − 1 ) Sum

q -Analog of Dixon’s F 2 3 ⁡ ( 1 ) Sum

Gasper–Rahman q -Analog of Watson’s F 2 3 Sum

Second q -Analog of Bailey’s F 3 4 ⁡ ( 1 ) Sum

8: 15.4 Special Cases

9: Bibliography V

10: Bibliography M

7: 17.7 Special Cases of Higher ${{}_{r}\phi_{s}}$ Functions

$q$ -Analog of Bailey’s ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(-1\right)$ Sum

$q$ -Analog of Gauss’s ${{}_{2}F_{1}}\left(-1\right)$ Sum

$q$ -Analog of Dixon’s ${{}_{3}F_{2}}\left(1\right)$ Sum

Gasper–Rahman $q$ -Analog of Watson’s ${{}_{3}F_{2}}$ Sum

Second $q$ -Analog of Bailey’s ${{}_{4}F_{3}}\left(1\right)$ Sum