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21: 19.10 Relations to Other Functions

… ►

§19.10(ii) Elementary Functions

… ►

$$\ln \left(x/y\right)=(x-y)R_C(\frac{1}{4}{(x+y)}^2,xy),$$

►

$$\arctan \left(x/y\right)=x{R}_C(y^2,y^2+x^2),$$

►

$$\mathrm{arctanh}\left(x/y\right)=x{R}_C(y^2,y^2-x^2),$$

… ►In each case when $y=1$, the quantity multiplying $R_C$ supplies the asymptotic behavior of the left-hand side as the left-hand side tends to 0. …

22: 15.8 Transformations of Variable

… ►In (15.8.8) when $c-a-k-m$ is a nonpositive integer $\psi \left(c-a-k-m\right)/\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-a-k-m\right)$ is interpreted as ${(-1)}^{m+k+a-c+1}(m+k+a-c)!$. … ►Alternatively, if $b-a$ is a negative integer, then we interchange $a$ and $b$ in $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$. ►In a similar way, when $c-a-b$ is an integer limits are taken in (15.8.4) and (15.8.5) as follows. ►If $c-a-b$ is a nonnegative integer, then … ►Lastly, if $c-a-b$ is a negative integer, then we first apply the transformation …

23: 10.13 Other Differential Equations

… ►

10.13.1 $$w^{\prime \prime }+\left({\lambda }^2-\frac{{\nu }^2-\frac{1}{4}}{z^2}\right)w=0,$$ $w=z^{\frac{1}{2}}{𝒞}_{\nu }\left(\lambda z\right)$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${𝒞}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: cylinder function, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.1.49

Referenced by:

§1.18(vi), §10.36

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.13.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.13 and Ch.10

►

10.13.2 $$w^{\prime \prime }+\left(\frac{{\lambda }^2}{4z}-\frac{{\nu }^2-1}{4z^2}\right)w=0,$$ $w=z^{\frac{1}{2}}{𝒞}_{\nu }\left(\lambda z^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${𝒞}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: cylinder function, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.1.50

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.13.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.13 and Ch.10

►

10.13.3 $$w^{\prime \prime }+{\lambda }^2{z}^{p-2}w=0,$$ $w=z^{\frac{1}{2}}{𝒞}_{1/p}\left(2\lambda z^{\frac{1}{2}p}/p\right)$,

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Symbols:

${𝒞}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: cylinder function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

9.1.51

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.13.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.13 and Ch.10

… ►

10.13.5 $$z^2{w}^{\prime \prime }+(1-2r)z{w}^{\prime }+({\lambda }^2{q}^2{z}^{2q}+r^2-{\nu }^2{q}^2)w=0,$$ $w=z^r{𝒞}_{\nu }\left(\lambda z^q\right)$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${𝒞}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: cylinder function, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.1.53

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.13.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.13 and Ch.10

… ►In (10.13.9)–(10.13.11) ${𝒞}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$, ${𝒟}_{\mu }(z)$ are any cylinder functions of orders $\nu ,\mu$, respectively, and $\mathit{\vartheta }=z(d/dz)$. …

24: 15.3 Graphics

… ►

►

►

Figure 15.3.6: $F(-3,\frac{3}{5};u+\mathrm{i}v;\frac{1}{2}),-6\le u\le 2,-2\le v\le 2$. (With $c=u+\mathrm{i}v$ the only poles occur at $c=0,-1,-2$; compare §15.2(ii).) Magnify 3D Help

…

25: 15.15 Sums

… ►

15.15.1 $$𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};\frac{1}{z})={\left(1-\frac{z_0}{z}\right)}^{-a}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(a\right)}_s}{s!}𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-s,b}{c};\frac{1}{z_0}){\left(1-\frac{z}{z_0}\right)}^{-s}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $s$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§15.19(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.15.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.2):

The Pochhammer symbol now links to its definition.

See also:

Annotations for §15.15 and Ch.15

…

26: 17.13 Integrals

… ►

17.13.1 $${\int }_{-c}^d\frac{{(-qx/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(qx/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(-ax/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(bx/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{d}_{q}x=\frac{(1-q){(q;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(ab;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}cd{(-c/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-d/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(a;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(b;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}(c+d){(-bc/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-ad/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\int$: integral, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), $d_{q}x$: $q$-differential, $q$: complex base and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.13.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.13 and Ch.17

… ►

17.13.2 $${\int }_{-c}^d\frac{{(-qx/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(qx/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(-x{q}^{\alpha }/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(x{q}^{\beta }/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{d}_{q}x=\frac{{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(\alpha \right){\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(\beta \right)}{{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(\alpha +\beta \right)}\frac{cd}{c+d}\frac{{(-c/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-d/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(-q^{\beta }c/d;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-q^{\alpha }d/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\int$: integral, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(z\right)$: $q$-gamma function, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), $d_{q}x$: $q$-differential, $q$: complex base and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.13.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.13 and Ch.17

… ►

17.13.4 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{t}^{\alpha -1}\frac{{(-ct{q}^{\alpha +\beta };q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(-ct;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{d}_{q}t=\frac{{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(\alpha \right){\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(\beta \right){(-c{q}^{\alpha };q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-q^{1-\alpha }/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(\alpha +\beta \right){(-c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-q/c;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\int$: integral, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_q\left(z\right)$: $q$-gamma function, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), $d_{q}x$: $q$-differential and $q$: complex base

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.13.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.13, §17.13 and Ch.17

…

27: 15.6 Integral Representations

… ►The function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ (not $F(a,b;c;z)$) has the following integral representations: ►

15.6.1 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-b\right)}{\int }_0^1\frac{t^{b-1}{(1-t)}^{c-b-1}}{{(1-zt)}^a}dt,$$ ; $\mathrm{\Re }c>\mathrm{\Re }b>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§15.19(iii), (15.4.34), §15.6, §15.6, Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9), Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

►

15.6.2 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+b-c\right)}{2\pi \mathrm{i}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)}{\int }_0^{(1+)}\frac{t^{b-1}{(t-1)}^{c-b-1}}{{(1-zt)}^a}dt,$$ ; $c-b\ne 1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, $\mathrm{\Re }b>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§15.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

… ►In (15.6.2) the point $1/z$ lies outside the integration contour, $t^{b-1}$ and ${(t-1)}^{c-b-1}$ assume their principal values where the contour cuts the interval $(1,\mathrm{\infty })$, and ${(1-zt)}^a=1$ at $t=0$. … ►In (15.6.7) the integration contour separates the poles of $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a+t\right)$ and $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b+t\right)$ from those of $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-a-b-t\right)$ and $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(-t\right)$, and ${(1-z)}^t$ has its principal value. …

28: 15.4 Special Cases

… ►If $\mathrm{\Re }\left(c-a-b\right)>0$, then … ►If $c=a+b$, then … ►If $\mathrm{\Re }\left(c-a-b\right)=0$ and $c\ne a+b$, then … ►If , then … ►If $a,b$ are not integers and $\mathrm{\Re }\left(c+d-a-b\right)>1$, then …

29: 23.18 Modular Transformations

… ►according as the elements of $𝒜$ in (23.15.3) have the respective forms …In particular, if $a-1,b,c$, and $d-1$ are all even, then … ►

23.18.6 $$\epsilon (𝒜)=\exp \left(\pi \mathrm{i}\left(\frac{a+d}{12c}+s(-d,c)\right)\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $𝒜$: bilinear transformation, $a$: integer, $c$: integer, $d$: integer and $\epsilon (𝒜)$: function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.18.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.18, §23.18 and Ch.23

►

23.18.7 $$s(d,c)=\sum _{r=1}^{c-1}\frac{r}{c}\left(\frac{dr}{c}-\lfloor \frac{dr}{c}\rfloor -\frac{1}{2}\right),$$ $c>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $\left(m,n\right)$: greatest common divisor (gcd), $c$: integer and $d$: integer

Referenced by:

§23.18, Erratum (V1.0.11) for Equation (23.18.7)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.18.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.11):

Originally the sum ${\sum }_{r=1}^{c-1}$ was written with an additional constraint on the summation, that $\left(r,c\right)=1$. This additional condition was incorrect and has been removed.

Reported 2015-10-05 by Howard Cohl and Tanay Wakhare

See also:

Annotations for §23.18, §23.18 and Ch.23

►Here $s(d,c)$ is a Dedekind sum. …

30: 3.10 Continued Fractions

… ► $C_n$ is the $n$th approximant or convergent to $C$. … ►where the $c_n$ ($\ne 0$) appear in (3.10.7). … ►For the same function $f(z)$, the convergent $C_n$ of the Jacobi fraction (3.10.11) equals the convergent $C_{2n}$ of the Stieltjes fraction (3.10.6). … ►To compute the $C_n$ of (3.10.2) we perform the iterated divisions …Then $u_0=C_n$. …