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1: Software Index

	Open Source			With Book	Commercial
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25.21(ix) Dirichlet $L$ -series	✓	a	✓			✓
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Open Source Collections and Systems.

These are collections of software (e.g. libraries) or interactive systems of a somewhat broad scope. Contents may be adapted from research software or may be contributed by project participants who donate their services to the project. The software is made freely available to the public, typically in source code form. While formal support of the collection may not be provided by its developers, within active projects there is often a core group who donate time to consider bug reports and make updates to the collection.

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2: 34.4 Definition: $\mathit{6j}$ Symbol

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34.4.1

\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}=\sum_{m_{r}m^{\prime}_{s}}(-1)^{l_{1}+m^{\prime% }_{1}+l_{2}+m^{\prime}_{2}+l_{3}+m^{\prime}_{3}}\*\begin{pmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j% _{3}\\ m_{1}&m_{2}&m_{3}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}j_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\\ m_{1}&m^{\prime}_{2}&-m^{\prime}_{3}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}l_{1}&j_{2}&l_% {3}\\ -m^{\prime}_{1}&m_{2}&m^{\prime}_{3}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}l_{1}&l_{2}&j_% {3}\\ m^{\prime}_{1}&-m^{\prime}_{2}&m_{3}\end{pmatrix},

ⓘ

Defines:: $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol
Symbols:: $\begin{pmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{m_{1}}&\NVar{m_{2}}&\NVar{m_{3}}\end{pmatrix}$ : $\mathit{3j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half., $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $r$ : nonnegative integer
Referenced by:: §34.10, §34.4, §34.9
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.4.E1
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §34.4 and Ch.34

… ►Except in degenerate cases the combination of the triangle inequalities for the four

\mathit{3j}

symbols in (34.4.1) is equivalent to the existence of a tetrahedron (possibly degenerate) with edges of lengths

j_{1},j_{2},j_{3},l_{1},l_{2},l_{3}

; see Figure 34.4.1. … ►

34.4.2

\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}=\Delta(j_{1}j_{2}j_{3})\Delta(j_{1}l_{2}l_{3})% \Delta(l_{1}j_{2}l_{3})\Delta(l_{1}l_{2}j_{3})\*\sum_{s}\frac{(-1)^{s}(s+1)!}{% (s-j_{1}-j_{2}-j_{3})!(s-j_{1}-l_{2}-l_{3})!(s-l_{1}-j_{2}-l_{3})!(s-l_{1}-l_{% 2}-j_{3})!}\*\frac{1}{(j_{1}+j_{2}+l_{1}+l_{2}-s)!(j_{2}+j_{3}+l_{2}+l_{3}-s)!% (j_{3}+j_{1}+l_{3}+l_{1}-s)!},

ⓘ

Symbols:: $!$ : factorial (as in $n!$ ), $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half., $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $\Delta(j_{1}j_{2}j_{3})$ : product
Referenced by:: Erratum (V1.0.7) for Equation (34.4.2)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.4.E2
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
Errata (effective with 1.0.7):: Originally the factor $\Delta(j_{1}j_{2}j_{3})\Delta(j_{1}l_{2}l_{3})\Delta(l_{1}j_{2}l_{3})\Delta(l_% {1}l_{2}j_{3})$ was missing in this equation.
Reported 2012-12-31 by Yu Lin
See also:: Annotations for §34.4 and Ch.34

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34.4.3

\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}={(-1)^{j_{1}+j_{3}+l_{1}+l_{3}}}\frac{\Delta(j_% {1}j_{2}j_{3})\Delta(j_{2}l_{1}l_{3})(j_{1}-j_{2}+l_{1}+l_{2})!(-j_{2}+j_{3}+l% _{2}+l_{3})!(j_{1}+j_{3}+l_{1}+l_{3}+1)!}{\Delta(j_{1}l_{2}l_{3})\Delta(j_{3}l% _{1}l_{2})(j_{1}-j_{2}+j_{3})!(-j_{2}+l_{1}+l_{3})!(j_{1}+l_{2}+l_{3}+1)!(j_{3% }+l_{1}+l_{2}+1)!}\*{{}_{4}F_{3}}\left({-j_{1}+j_{2}-j_{3},j_{2}-l_{1}-l_{3},-% j_{1}-l_{2}-l_{3}-1,-j_{3}-l_{1}-l_{2}-1\atop-j_{1}+j_{2}-l_{1}-l_{2},j_{2}-j_% {3}-l_{2}-l_{3},-j_{1}-j_{3}-l_{1}-l_{3}-1};1\right),

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $!$ : factorial (as in $n!$ ), $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half., $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $\Delta(j_{1}j_{2}j_{3})$ : product
Referenced by:: §18.38(iii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.4.E3
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §34.4 and Ch.34

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3: 34.5 Basic Properties: $\mathit{6j}$ Symbol

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34.5.9

\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}=\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&\frac{1}{2}(j_{2}+l_{2}+j_% {3}-l_{3})&\frac{1}{2}(j_{2}-l_{2}+j_{3}+l_{3})\\ l_{1}&\frac{1}{2}(j_{2}+l_{2}-j_{3}+l_{3})&\frac{1}{2}(-j_{2}+l_{2}+j_{3}+l_{3% })\end{Bmatrix},

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half.
Referenced by:: §34.5(ii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.5.E9
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §34.5(ii), §34.5 and Ch.34

►

34.5.10

\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}=\begin{Bmatrix}\frac{1}{2}(j_{2}+l_{2}+j_{3}-l_% {3})&\frac{1}{2}(j_{1}-l_{1}+j_{3}+l_{3})&\frac{1}{2}(j_{1}+l_{1}+j_{2}-l_{2})% \\ \frac{1}{2}(j_{2}+l_{2}-j_{3}+l_{3})&\frac{1}{2}(-j_{1}+l_{1}+j_{3}+l_{3})&% \frac{1}{2}(j_{1}+l_{1}-j_{2}+l_{2})\end{Bmatrix}.

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half.
Referenced by:: §34.5(ii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.5.E10
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §34.5(ii), §34.5 and Ch.34

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34.5.11

{(2j_{1}+1)\left((J_{3}+J_{2}-J_{1})(L_{3}+L_{2}-J_{1})-2(J_{3}L_{3}+J_{2}L_{2% }-J_{1}L_{1})\right)\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}}\\ =j_{1}E(j_{1}+1)\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}+1&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}+(j_{1}+1)E(j_{1})\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}-1&j_{2}&j% _{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix},

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half., $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half., $J_{r}$ , $L_{r}$ and $E(j)$
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.5.E11
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §34.5(iii), §34.5 and Ch.34

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L_{r}=l_{r}(l_{r}+1),

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34.5.16

(-1)^{j_{1}+j_{2}+j_{3}+j_{1}^{\prime}+j_{2}^{\prime}+l_{1}+l_{2}}\begin{% Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}^{\prime}&j_{2}^{\prime}&j_{% 3}\\ l_{1}&l_{2}&l_{3}^{\prime}\end{Bmatrix}=\sum_{j}(-1)^{l_{3}+l_{3}^{\prime}+j}(% 2j+1)\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{1}^{\prime}&j\\ j_{2}^{\prime}&j_{2}&j_{3}\end{Bmatrix}\begin{Bmatrix}l_{3}&l_{3}^{\prime}&j\\ j_{1}^{\prime}&j_{1}&l_{2}\end{Bmatrix}\begin{Bmatrix}l_{3}&l_{3}^{\prime}&j\\ j_{2}^{\prime}&j_{2}&l_{1}\end{Bmatrix}.

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half.
Referenced by:: §34.5(vi)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.5.E16
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §34.5(vi), §34.5 and Ch.34

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4: B. L. J. Braaksma

Profile
Boele L. J. Braaksma

… ►Boele L. J. Braaksma (b. …

5: 25.15 Dirichlet $L$ -functions

§25.15 Dirichlet $L$ -functions

►

§25.15(i) Definitions and Basic Properties

►The notation

L\left(s,\chi\right)

was introduced by Dirichlet (1837) for the meromorphic continuation of the function defined by the series … … ►

§25.15(ii) Zeros

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6: 20 Theta Functions

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7: 14.30 Spherical and Spheroidal Harmonics

… ►With

l

and

m

integers such that

|m|\leq l

, and

\theta

and

\phi

angles such that

0\leq\theta\leq\pi

0\leq\phi\leq 2\pi

, …

Y_{l}^{m}\left(\theta,\phi\right)

are known as surface harmonics of the first kind: tesseral for

|m|<l

and sectorial for

|m|=l

. Sometimes

Y_{{l},{m}}\left(\theta,\phi\right)

is denoted by

i^{-l}\mathfrak{D}_{lm}(\theta,\phi)

; also the definition of

Y_{{l},{m}}\left(\theta,\phi\right)

can differ from (14.30.1), for example, by inclusion of a factor

(-1)^{m}

. … ►Here, in spherical coordinates,

\mathrm{L}^{2}

is the squared angular momentum operator: …and

\mathrm{L}_{z}

is the

z

component of the angular momentum operator …

8: 34.8 Approximations for Large Parameters

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34.8.1

\begin{Bmatrix}j_{1}&j_{2}&j_{3}\\ j_{2}&j_{1}&l_{3}\end{Bmatrix}=(-1)^{j_{1}+j_{2}+j_{3}+l_{3}}\*\left(\frac{4}{% \pi(2j_{1}+1)(2j_{2}+1)(2l_{3}+1)\sin\theta}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\*\left(\cos% \left((l_{3}+\tfrac{1}{2})\theta-\tfrac{1}{4}\pi\right)+o\left(1\right)\right),

j_{1},j_{2},j_{3}\gg l_{3}\gg 1

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos\NVar{z}$ : cosine function, $o\left(\NVar{x}\right)$ : order less than, $\sin\NVar{z}$ : sine function, $\begin{Bmatrix}\NVar{j_{1}}&\NVar{j_{2}}&\NVar{j_{3}}\\ \NVar{l_{1}}&\NVar{l_{2}}&\NVar{l_{3}}\end{Bmatrix}$ : $\mathit{6j}$ symbol, $j,j_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $l,l_{r}$ : non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half.
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.8.E1
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §34.8 and Ch.34

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9: 18.39 Applications in the Physical Sciences

… ►where

\mathrm{L}^{2}

is the (squared) angular momentum operator (14.30.12). The eigenfunctions of

\mathrm{L}^{2}

are the spherical harmonics

Y_{{l},{m_{l}}}\left(\theta,\phi\right)

with eigenvalues

\hbar^{2}l(l+1)

, each with degeneracy

2l+1

m_{l}=-l,-l+1,\dots,l

. … ►The functions

\psi_{p,l}(r)

satisfy the equation, … ►The radial Coulomb wave functions

R_{n,l}(r)

, solutions of … ►These, taken together with the infinite sets of bound states for each

l

, form complete sets. …

10: 22 Jacobian Elliptic Functions

…