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11: 18.21 Hahn Class: Interrelations

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Hahn $\to$ Krawtchouk

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Hahn $\to$ Meixner

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Krawtchouk $\to$ Charlier

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Meixner $\to$ Charlier

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Continuous Hahn $\to$ Meixner–Pollaczek

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12: 4.31 Special Values and Limits

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4.31.1 $$\underset{z\to 0}{lim}\frac{\sinh z}{z}=1,$$

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Symbols:

$\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.31.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.31 and Ch.4

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4.31.2 $$\underset{z\to 0}{lim}\frac{\tanh z}{z}=1,$$

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Symbols:

$\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.31.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.31 and Ch.4

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4.31.3 $$\underset{z\to 0}{lim}\frac{\cosh z-1}{z^2}=\frac{1}{2}.$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.31.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.31 and Ch.4

13: 28.9 Zeros

… ►For $q\to \mathrm{\infty }$ the zeros of ${\mathrm{ce}}_{2n}(z,q)$ and ${\mathrm{se}}_{2n+1}(z,q)$ approach asymptotically the zeros of ${\mathrm{𝐻𝑒}}_{2n}\left(q^{1/4}(\pi -2z)\right)$, and the zeros of ${\mathrm{ce}}_{2n+1}(z,q)$ and ${\mathrm{se}}_{2n+2}(z,q)$ approach asymptotically the zeros of ${\mathrm{𝐻𝑒}}_{2n+1}\left(q^{1/4}(\pi -2z)\right)$. …Furthermore, for $q>0$ ${\mathrm{ce}}_m(z,q)$ and ${\mathrm{se}}_m(z,q)$ also have purely imaginary zeros that correspond uniquely to the purely imaginary $z$-zeros of $J_m\left(2\sqrt{q}\cos z\right)$ (§10.21(i)), and they are asymptotically equal as $q\to 0$ and $\left|\mathrm{\Im }z\right|\to \mathrm{\infty }$. …

14: 19.27 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

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19.27.2 $$R_F(x,y,z)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{z}}\left(\ln \frac{8z}{a+g}\right)\left(1+O\left(\frac{a}{z}\right)\right),$$ $a/z\to 0$.

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $R_F(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of first kind, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $a$ and $g$

Referenced by:

§19.20(iii), §19.27(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.27.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.27(ii), §19.27 and Ch.19

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19.27.3 $$R_F(x,y,z)=R_F(0,y,z)-\frac{1}{\sqrt{h}}\left(\sqrt{\frac{x}{h}}+O\left(\frac{x}{h}\right)\right),$$ $x/h\to 0$.

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $R_F(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of first kind and $h$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.27.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.27(ii), §19.27 and Ch.19

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19.27.4 $$R_G(x,y,z)=\frac{\sqrt{z}}{2}\left(1+O\left(\frac{a}{z}\ln \frac{z}{a}\right)\right),$$ $a/z\to 0$.

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $R_G(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of second kind, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $a$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.27.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.27(iii), §19.27 and Ch.19

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19.27.5 $$R_G(x,y,z)=R_G(0,y,z)+\sqrt{x}O\left(\sqrt{x/h}\right),$$ $x/h\to 0$.

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $R_G(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of second kind and $h$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.27.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.27(iii), §19.27 and Ch.19

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19.27.6 $$R_G(0,y,z)=\frac{\sqrt{z}}{2}+\frac{y}{8\sqrt{z}}\left(\ln \left(\frac{16z}{y}\right)-1\right)\left(1+O\left(\frac{y}{z}\right)\right),$$ $y/z\to 0$.

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $R_G(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of second kind and $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.27.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.27(iii), §19.27 and Ch.19

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15: 36.11 Leading-Order Asymptotics

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36.11.3

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Psi }}_K\left(𝐱\right)$: canonical integral function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $o\left(x\right)$: order less than and $y$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.11.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.11, §36.11 and Ch.36

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36.11.4

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Psi }}_K\left(𝐱\right)$: canonical integral function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\exp z$: exponential function, $o\left(x\right)$: order less than and $x$: real parameter

Referenced by:

§36.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.11.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.11, §36.11 and Ch.36

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36.11.5 $${\mathrm{\Psi }}_3\left(0,y,0\right)=\overline{{\mathrm{\Psi }}_3(0,-y,0)}=\exp \left(\frac{1}{4}\mathrm{i}\pi \right)\sqrt{\pi /y}\left(1-(\mathrm{i}/\sqrt{3})\exp \left(\frac{3}{2}\mathrm{i}{(2y/5)}^{5/3}\right)+o\left(1\right)\right),$$ $y\to +\mathrm{\infty }$.

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Psi }}_K\left(𝐱\right)$: canonical integral function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\overline{z}$: complex conjugate, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $o\left(x\right)$: order less than and $y$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.11.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.11, §36.11 and Ch.36

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36.11.6

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${\mathrm{\Psi }}_K\left(𝐱\right)$: canonical integral function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $o\left(x\right)$: order less than and $z$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.11, §36.11 and Ch.36

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36.11.7 $${\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}\left(0,0,z\right)=\frac{\pi }{z}\left(\mathrm{i}+\sqrt{3}\exp \left(\frac{4}{27}\mathrm{i}{z}^3\right)+o\left(1\right)\right),$$ $z\to \pm \mathrm{\infty }$,

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, ${\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}\left(𝐱\right)$: elliptic umbilic canonical integral function, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $o\left(x\right)$: order less than and $z$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.11, §36.11 and Ch.36

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16: 11.11 Asymptotic Expansions of Anger–Weber Functions

… ►Then as $z\to \mathrm{\infty }$ in $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$ … ►If $z$ is fixed, and $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$ in $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \pi$ in such a way that $\nu$ is bounded away from the set of all integers, then … ►as $n\to \pm \mathrm{\infty }$. … ►In particular, as $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, … ►Also, as $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$ in $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le 2\pi -\delta$, …

17: 22.12 Expansions in Other Trigonometric Series and Doubly-Infinite Partial Fractions: Eisenstein Series

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22.12.4 $$2\mathrm{i}K\mathrm{dn}(2Kt,k)=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\frac{\pi }{\tan \left(\pi (t-(n+\frac{1}{2})\tau )\right)}=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\left(\underset{M\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{m=-M}^M\frac{1}{t-m-(n+\frac{1}{2})\tau }\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\tan z$: tangent function, $k$: modulus and $\tau$: ratio

Referenced by:

§22.12, §22.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.12.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.12 and Ch.22

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22.12.7 $$2\mathrm{i}K{k}^{\prime }\mathrm{nd}(2Kt,k)=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\frac{\pi }{\tan \left(\pi (t+\frac{1}{2}-(n+\frac{1}{2})\tau )\right)}=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\underset{M\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\left(\sum _{m=-M}^M\frac{1}{t+\frac{1}{2}-m-(n+\frac{1}{2})\tau }\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{nd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\tan z$: tangent function, $k$: modulus, $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus and $\tau$: ratio

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.12.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.12 and Ch.22

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22.12.10 $$-2K{k}^{\prime }\mathrm{sc}(2Kt,k)=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\frac{\pi }{\tan \left(\pi (t+\frac{1}{2}-n\tau )\right)}=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\left(\underset{M\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{m=-M}^M\frac{1}{t+\frac{1}{2}-m-n\tau }\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{sc}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\tan z$: tangent function, $k$: modulus, $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus and $\tau$: ratio

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.12.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.12 and Ch.22

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22.12.13 $$2K\mathrm{cs}(2Kt,k)=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\frac{\pi }{\tan \left(\pi (t-n\tau )\right)}=\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{n=-N}^N{(-1)}^n\left(\underset{M\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\sum _{m=-M}^M\frac{1}{t-m-n\tau }\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{cs}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\tan z$: tangent function, $k$: modulus and $\tau$: ratio

Referenced by:

§22.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.12.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.12 and Ch.22

18: 6.3 Graphics

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Figure 6.3.3: $|E_1\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)|$, $-4\le x\le 4$, $-4\le y\le 4$. …Also, $|E_1\left(z\right)|\to \mathrm{\infty }$ logarithmically as $z\to 0$. Magnify 3D Help

19: 29.5 Special Cases and Limiting Forms

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29.5.4 $$\underset{k\to 1-}{lim}{a}_{\nu }^m\left(k^2\right)=\underset{k\to 1-}{lim}{b}_{\nu }^{m+1}\left(k^2\right)=\nu (\nu +1)-{\mu }^2,$$

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Symbols:

$a_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $b_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $m$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real parameter, $\nu$: real parameter and $\mu$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.5 and Ch.29

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29.5.5 $$\underset{k\to 1-}{lim}\frac{{\mathrm{𝐸𝑐}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)}{{\mathrm{𝐸𝑐}}_{\nu }^m(0,k^2)}=\underset{k\to 1-}{lim}\frac{{\mathrm{𝐸𝑠}}_{\nu }^{m+1}(z,k^2)}{{\mathrm{𝐸𝑠}}_{\nu }^{m+1}(0,k^2)}=\frac{1}{{(\cosh z)}^{\mu }}F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\frac{1}{2}\mu -\frac{1}{2}\nu ,\frac{1}{2}\mu +\frac{1}{2}\nu +\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}};{\tanh }^{2}z),$$ $m$ even,

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\mathrm{𝐸𝑐}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$: Lamé function, ${\mathrm{𝐸𝑠}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$: Lamé function, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $m$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $k$: real parameter, $\nu$: real parameter and $\mu$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.5.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.5 and Ch.29

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29.5.6 $$\underset{k\to 1-}{lim}\frac{{\mathrm{𝐸𝑐}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)}{{d{\mathrm{𝐸𝑐}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)/dz|}_{z=0}}=\underset{k\to 1-}{lim}\frac{{\mathrm{𝐸𝑠}}_{\nu }^{m+1}(z,k^2)}{{d{\mathrm{𝐸𝑠}}_{\nu }^{m+1}(z,k^2)/dz|}_{z=0}}=\frac{\tanh z}{{(\cosh z)}^{\mu }}F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\frac{1}{2}\mu -\frac{1}{2}\nu +\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\mu +\frac{1}{2}\nu +1}{\frac{3}{2}};{\tanh }^{2}z),$$ $m$ odd,

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\mathrm{𝐸𝑐}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$: Lamé function, ${\mathrm{𝐸𝑠}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$: Lamé function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $m$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $k$: real parameter, $\nu$: real parameter and $\mu$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.5.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.5 and Ch.29

… ►If $k\to 0+$ and $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$ in such a way that $k^2\nu (\nu +1)=4\theta$ (a positive constant), then …

20: 32.11 Asymptotic Approximations for Real Variables

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If , then $w(x)$ oscillates about, and is asymptotic to, $-\sqrt{\frac{1}{6}|x|}$ as $x\to -\mathrm{\infty }$.

… ►Conversely, for any nonzero real $k$, there is a unique solution $w_k(x)$ of (32.11.4) that is asymptotic to $k\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right)$ as $x\to +\mathrm{\infty }$. ►If , then $w_k(x)$ exists for all sufficiently large $|x|$ as $x\to -\mathrm{\infty }$, and … ►Any nontrivial solution of (32.11.29) that satisfies (32.11.30) is asymptotic to $h{U}^2(-\nu -\frac{1}{2},\sqrt{2}x)$ as $x\to +\mathrm{\infty }$, where $h$ $(\ne 0)$ is a constant. … ►Now suppose $x\to -\mathrm{\infty }$. …