logarithm

SearchAdvancedHelp

(0.001 seconds)

31—40 of 407 matching pages

31: 5.9 Integral Representations

… ►where $\mathrm{\Phi }(t)=1-t\cot t+\ln \left(\frac{t}{\sin t}\right)$. … ►

Binet’s Formula

►

5.9.10 $$\mathrm{Ln}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)=\left(z-\frac{1}{2}\right)\ln z-z+\frac{1}{2}\ln \left(2\pi \right)+2{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\arctan \left(t/z\right)}{{\mathrm{e}}^{2\pi t}-1}dt,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\arctan z$: arctangent function, $\mathrm{Ln}z$: general logarithm function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

6.1.50

Referenced by:

(5.9.10_1), §5.9(i), §5.9(ii), Erratum (V1.0.10) for Equations (5.9.10), (5.9.11), (5.10.1), (5.11.1), (5.11.8)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.9.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.10):

To increase the region of validity of this equation, the logarithm of the gamma function that appears on its left-hand side has been changed to $\mathrm{Ln}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$, where $\mathrm{Ln}$ is the general logarithm. Originally $\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$ was used, where $\ln$ is the principal branch of the logarithm.

Suggested 2015-02-13 by Philippe Spindel

See also:

Annotations for §5.9(i), §5.9(i), §5.9 and Ch.5

… ►

5.9.10_1 $$\mathrm{Ln}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)=\left(z-\frac{1}{2}\right)\ln z-z+\frac{1}{2}\ln \left(2\pi \right)-\frac{z}{\pi }{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\ln \left(1-{\mathrm{e}}^{-2\pi t}\right)}{t^2+z^2}dt,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{Ln}z$: general logarithm function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

Proof sketch:

Can be obtained from (5.9.10) via integration by parts.

Referenced by:

§5.9(i), Erratum (V1.1.7) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.9.E10_1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.7):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §5.9(i), §5.9(i), §5.9 and Ch.5

►

5.9.10_2 $$\mathrm{Ln}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)=\left(z-\frac{1}{2}\right)\ln z-z+\frac{1}{2}\ln \left(2\pi \right)+{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-zt}\left(\frac{1}{{\mathrm{e}}^t-1}-\frac{1}{t}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\frac{dt}{t},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{Ln}z$: general logarithm function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

Source:

Whittaker and Watson (1927, §12.31)

Referenced by:

§5.9(i), Erratum (V1.1.7) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.9.E10_2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.7):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §5.9(i), §5.9(i), §5.9 and Ch.5

…

32: 4.9 Continued Fractions

… ►

§4.9(i) Logarithms

►

4.9.1 $$\ln \left(1+z\right)=\frac{z}{1+}\frac{z}{2+}\frac{z}{3+}\frac{4z}{4+}\frac{4z}{5+}\frac{9z}{6+}\frac{9z}{7+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$ .

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.1.39

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.9.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.9(i), §4.9 and Ch.4

►

4.9.2 $$\ln \left(\frac{1+z}{1-z}\right)=\frac{2z}{1-}\frac{z^2}{3-}\frac{4z^2}{5-}\frac{9z^2}{7-}\frac{16z^2}{9-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.1.40

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.9.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.9(i), §4.9 and Ch.4

… ►For other continued fractions involving logarithms see Lorentzen and Waadeland (1992, pp. 566–568). … ►

4.9.4 $${\mathrm{e}}^z-e_{n-1}(z)=\frac{z^n}{n!-}\frac{n!z}{(n+1)+}\frac{z}{(n+2)-}\frac{(n+1)z}{(n+3)+}\frac{2z}{(n+4)-}\frac{(n+2)z}{(n+5)+}\frac{3z}{(n+6)-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $n$: integer, $z$: complex variable and $e_n(z)$: expansion of exponential

A&S Ref:

4.2.41

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.9.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.9(ii), §4.9 and Ch.4

…

33: 6.4 Analytic Continuation

… ►

6.4.1 $$E_1\left(z\right)=\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)-\mathrm{Ln}z-\gamma ;$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)$: complementary exponential integral, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{Ln}z$: general logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.4.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.4 and Ch.6

… ►

6.4.2 $$E_1\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{2m\pi \mathrm{i}}\right)=E_1\left(z\right)-2m\pi \mathrm{i},$$ $m\in \mathbb{Z}$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\in$: element of, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathbb{Z}$: set of all integers and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.4.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.4 and Ch.6

… ►

6.4.3 $$E_1\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}}\right)=\mathrm{Ein}\left(-z\right)-\ln z-\gamma \mp \pi \mathrm{i},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)$: complementary exponential integral, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.4.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.4 and Ch.6

… ►

6.4.4 $$\mathrm{Ci}\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}}\right)=\pm \pi \mathrm{i}+\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.4.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.4 and Ch.6

►

6.4.5 $$\mathrm{Chi}\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}}\right)=\pm \pi \mathrm{i}+\mathrm{Chi}\left(z\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{Chi}\left(z\right)$: hyperbolic cosine integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.4.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.4 and Ch.6

…

34: 5.22 Tables

… ►Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 6) tabulates $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x\right)$, $\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x\right)$, $\psi \left(x\right)$, and ${\psi }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ for $x=1(.005)2$ to 10D; ${\psi }^{\prime \prime }\left(x\right)$ and ${\psi }^{(3)}\left(x\right)$ for $x=1(.01)2$ to 10D; $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n\right)$, $1/\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n\right)$, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)$, $\psi \left(n\right)$, ${\log }_{10}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n\right)$, ${\log }_{10}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+\frac{1}{3}\right)$, ${\log }_{10}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)$, and ${\log }_{10}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+\frac{2}{3}\right)$ for $n=1(1)101$ to 8–11S; $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+1\right)$ for $n=100(100)1000$ to 20S. Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 67–69 and 72) tabulates $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x\right)$, $1/\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(-x\right)$, $\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x\right)$, $\psi \left(x\right)$, $\psi \left(-x\right)$, ${\psi }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$, and ${\psi }^{\prime }\left(-x\right)$ for $x=0(.1)5$ to 8D or 8S; $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+1\right)$ for $n=0(1)100(10)250(50)500(100)3000$ to 51S. … ►Abramov (1960) tabulates $\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$ for $x=1$ ($.01$) $2$, $y=0$ ($.01$) $4$ to 6D. Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 6) tabulates $\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$ for $x=1$ ($.1$) $2$, $y=0$ ($.1$) $10$ to 12D. …Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 70, 71, and 73) tabulates the real and imaginary parts of $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$, $\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$, and $\psi \left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$ for $x=0.5,1,5,10$, $y=0(.5)10$ to 8S.

35: 4.46 Tables

§4.46 Tables

…

36: 5.3 Graphics

… ►

►►

Figure 5.3.2: $\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(x\right)$. … Magnify

…

37: 4.40 Integrals

… ►

4.40.3 $$\int \tanh xdx=\ln \left(\cosh x\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.79

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.40(ii), §4.40 and Ch.4

►

4.40.4 $$\int \mathrm{csch}xdx=\ln \left(\tanh \left(\frac{1}{2}x\right)\right),$$ .

ⓘ

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{csch}z$: hyperbolic cosecant function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.80

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.40(ii), §4.40 and Ch.4

… ►

4.40.6 $$\int \coth xdx=\ln \left(\sinh x\right),$$ .

ⓘ

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.82

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.40(ii), §4.40 and Ch.4

… ►

4.40.10 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\tanh \left(ax\right)-\tanh \left(bx\right)}{x}dx=\ln \left(\frac{a}{b}\right),$$ $a>0$, $b>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $a$: real or complex constant and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.40(iii), §4.40 and Ch.4

… ►

4.40.13 $$\int \mathrm{arctanh}xdx=x\mathrm{arctanh}x+\frac{1}{2}\ln \left(1-x^2\right),$$ ,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{arctanh}z$: inverse hyperbolic tangent function, $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.6.45 (modified)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.40(iv), §4.40 and Ch.4

…

38: 25.8 Sums

… ►

25.8.4 $$\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^k}{k}(\zeta \left(nk\right)-1)=\ln \left(\prod _{j=0}^{n-1}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(2-{\mathrm{e}}^{(2j+1)\pi \mathrm{i}/n}\right)\right),$$ $n=2,3,4,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $k$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

Keywords:

infinite series

Source:

Adamchik and Srivastava (1998, (2.7), p. 135)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

… ►

25.8.7 $$\sum _{k=2}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\zeta \left(k\right)}{k}{z}^k=-\gamma z+\ln \mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1-z\right),$$ .

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $k$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Keywords:

infinite series

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.8.5) by dividing by $z$ and integrating.

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

►

25.8.8 $$\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\zeta \left(2k\right)}{k}{z}^{2k}=\ln \left(\frac{\pi z}{\sin \left(\pi z\right)}\right),$$ .

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\sin z$: sine function, $k$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Keywords:

infinite series

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.8.6) by dividing by $z$ and integrating.

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

►

25.8.9 $$\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\zeta \left(2k\right)}{(2k+1)2^{2k}}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\ln 2.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $k$: nonnegative integer

Keywords:

infinite series

Source:

Srivastava and Choi (2001, (467), p. 212)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

…

39: 4.37 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

… ►Compare the principal value of the logarithm (§4.2(i)). … ►

§4.37(iv) Logarithmic Forms

… ►

4.37.19 $$\mathrm{arccosh}z=\ln \left(\pm {(z^2-1)}^{1/2}+z\right),$$ $z\in ℂ\setminus (-\mathrm{\infty },1)$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$ℂ$: complex plane, $\in$: element of, $\mathrm{arccosh}z$: inverse hyperbolic cosine function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $(a,b)$: open interval, $\setminus$: set subtraction and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§4.37(iv), §4.37(iii), §4.37(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.37.E19

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.37(iv), §4.37(iv), §4.37 and Ch.4

… ►

4.37.20 $$\mathrm{arccosh}\left(\mathrm{i}y\right)=\pm \frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}+\ln \left({(y^2+1)}^{1/2}\pm y\right),$$ $y\gtrless 0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{arccosh}z$: inverse hyperbolic cosine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

§4.37(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.37.E20

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.37(iv), §4.37(iv), §4.37 and Ch.4

… ►For the corresponding results for $\mathrm{arccsch}z$, $\mathrm{arcsech}z$, and $\mathrm{arccoth}z$, use (4.37.7)–(4.37.9); compare §4.23(iv). …

40: 7.17 Inverse Error Functions

… ►

7.17.5 $$u=-2/\ln \left(\pi x^2\ln \left(1/x\right)\right),$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$u$: expansion variable (locally)

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.17.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.17(iii), §7.17 and Ch.7

… ►

7.17.6 $$v=\ln \left(\ln \left(1/x\right)\right)-2+\ln \pi .$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$v$: expansion variable (locally)

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.17.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.17(iii), §7.17 and Ch.7

…