eigenvalue%2Feigenvector%20characterization

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11: 28.35 Tables

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Blanch and Rhodes (1955) includes ${\mathrm{𝐵𝑒}}_n(t)$, ${\mathrm{𝐵𝑜}}_n(t)$, $t=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{q}$, $n=0(1)15$; 8D. The range of $t$ is 0 to 0.1, with step sizes ranging from 0.002 down to 0.00025. Notation: ${\mathrm{𝐵𝑒}}_n(t)=a_n\left(q\right)+2q-(4n+2)\sqrt{q}$, ${\mathrm{𝐵𝑜}}_n(t)=b_n\left(q\right)+2q-(4n-2)\sqrt{q}$.

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Ince (1932) includes eigenvalues $a_n$, $b_n$, and Fourier coefficients for $n=0$ or $1(1)6$, $q=0(1)10(2)20(4)40$; 7D. Also ${\mathrm{ce}}_n(x,q)$, ${\mathrm{se}}_n(x,q)$ for $q=0(1)10$, $x=1(1)90$, corresponding to the eigenvalues in the tables; 5D. Notation: $a_n={\mathrm{𝑏𝑒}}_n-2q$, $b_n={\mathrm{𝑏𝑜}}_n-2q$.

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National Bureau of Standards (1967) includes the eigenvalues $a_n\left(q\right)$, $b_n\left(q\right)$ for $n=0(1)3$ with $q=0(.2)20(.5)37(1)100$, and $n=4(1)15$ with $q=0(2)100$; Fourier coefficients for ${\mathrm{ce}}_n(x,q)$ and ${\mathrm{se}}_n(x,q)$ for $n=0(1)15$, $n=1(1)15$, respectively, and various values of $q$ in the interval $[0,100]$; joining factors $g_{e,n}(\sqrt{q})$, $f_{e,n}(\sqrt{q})$ for $n=0(1)15$ with $q=0(.5\text{ to }10)100$ (but in a different notation). Also, eigenvalues for large values of $q$. Precision is generally 8D.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 521–532) includes the eigenvalues $a_n\left(q\right)$, $b_{n+1}\left(q\right)$ for $n=0(1)4$, $q=0(1)50$; $n=0(1)20$ ($a$’s) or 19 ($b$’s), $q=1,3,5,10,15,25,50(50)200$. Fourier coefficients for ${\mathrm{ce}}_n(x,10)$, ${\mathrm{se}}_{n+1}(x,10)$, $n=0(1)7$. Mathieu functions ${\mathrm{ce}}_n(x,10)$, ${\mathrm{se}}_{n+1}(x,10)$, and their first $x$-derivatives for $n=0(1)4$, $x=0(5^{\circ }){90}^{\circ }$. Modified Mathieu functions ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(x,\sqrt{10})$, ${\mathrm{Ms}}_{n+1}^{(j)}(x,\sqrt{10})$, and their first $x$-derivatives for $n=0(1)4$, $j=1,2$, $x=0(.2)4$. Precision is mostly 9S.

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Blanch and Clemm (1969) includes eigenvalues $a_n\left(q\right)$, $b_n\left(q\right)$ for $q=\rho {\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\varphi }$, $\rho =0(.5)25$, $\varphi =5^{\circ }(5^{\circ }){90}^{\circ }$, $n=0(1)15$; 4D. Also $a_n\left(q\right)$ and $b_n\left(q\right)$ for $q=\mathrm{i}\rho$, $\rho =0(.5)100$, $n=0(2)14$ and $n=2(2)16$, respectively; 8D. Double points for $n=0(1)15$; 8D. Graphs are included.

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12: 29.7 Asymptotic Expansions

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§29.7(i) Eigenvalues

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29.7.1 $$a_{\nu }^m\left(k^2\right)\sim p\kappa -{\tau }_0-{\tau }_1{\kappa }^{-1}-{\tau }_2{\kappa }^{-2}-\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$a_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $m$: nonnegative integer, $p$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real parameter, $\nu$: real parameter, $\kappa$ and ${\tau }_j$: coefficients

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.7.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §29.7(i), §29.7 and Ch.29

… ►The same Poincaré expansion holds for $b_{\nu }^{m+1}\left(k^2\right)$, since ►

29.7.5 $$b_{\nu }^{m+1}\left(k^2\right)-a_{\nu }^m\left(k^2\right)=O\left({\nu }^{m+\frac{3}{2}}{\left(\frac{1-k}{1+k}\right)}^{\nu }\right),$$ $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$.

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $a_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $b_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $m$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real parameter and $\nu$: real parameter

Referenced by:

§29.7(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.7.E5

Encodings:

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Annotations for §29.7(i), §29.7 and Ch.29

… ►In Müller (1966c) it is shown how these expansions lead to asymptotic expansions for the Lamé functions ${\mathrm{𝐸𝑐}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$ and ${\mathrm{𝐸𝑠}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$. …

13: 28.2 Definitions and Basic Properties

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§28.2(v) Eigenvalues $a_n$, $b_n$

►For given $\nu$ and $q$, equation (28.2.16) determines an infinite discrete set of values of $a$, the eigenvalues or characteristic values, of Mathieu’s equation. … ►

Distribution

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Change of Sign of $q$

… ►Table 28.2.2 gives the notation for the eigenfunctions corresponding to the eigenvalues in Table 28.2.1. …

14: 28.12 Definitions and Basic Properties

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§28.12(i) Eigenvalues ${\lambda }_{\nu +2n}\left(q\right)$

… ►For given $\nu$ (or $\cos \left(\nu \pi \right)$) and $q$, equation (28.2.16) determines an infinite discrete set of values of $a$, denoted by ${\lambda }_{\nu +2n}\left(q\right)$, $n=0,\pm 1,\pm 2,\mathrm{\dots }$. …For other values of $q$, ${\lambda }_{\nu +2n}\left(q\right)$ is determined by analytic continuation. … … ►As a function of $\nu$ with fixed $q$ ($\ne 0$), ${\lambda }_{\nu }\left(q\right)$ is discontinuous at $\nu =\pm 1,\pm 2,\mathrm{\dots }$. …

15: 30.3 Eigenvalues

§30.3 Eigenvalues

… ►These solutions exist only for eigenvalues ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$, $n=m,m+1,m+2,\mathrm{\dots }$, of the parameter $\lambda$. … ►The eigenvalues ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ are analytic functions of the real variable ${\gamma }^2$ and satisfy … ►has the solutions $\lambda ={\lambda }_{m+2j}^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$, $j=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$. If $p$ is an odd positive integer, then Equation (30.3.5) has the solutions $\lambda ={\lambda }_{m+2j+1}^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$, $j=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$. …

16: 30.16 Methods of Computation

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§30.16(i) Eigenvalues

… ►and real eigenvalues ${\alpha }_{1,d}$, ${\alpha }_{2,d}$, $\mathrm{\dots }$, ${\alpha }_{d,d}$, arranged in ascending order of magnitude. … ►which yields ${\lambda }_4^2\left(10\right)=\mathrm{13.97907\hspace{0.33em}345}$. … ►If ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ is known, then ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$ can be found by summing (30.8.1). … ►Form the eigenvector ${[e_{1,d},e_{2,d},\mathrm{\dots },e_{d,d}]}^{\mathrm{T}}$ of $𝐀$ associated with the eigenvalue ${\alpha }_{p,d}$, $p=\lfloor \frac{1}{2}(n-m)\rfloor +1$, normalized according to …

17: 30.18 Software

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SWF1: ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$.

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SWF2: ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$.

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SWF3: ${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$.

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SWF4: $S_n^{m(j)}(z,\gamma )$, $j=1,2$.

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§30.18(ii) Eigenvalues ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$

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18: 30.9 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

§30.9 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

… ►As ${\gamma }^2\to +\mathrm{\infty }$, with $q=2(n-m)+1$, … ►The asymptotic behavior of ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ and $a_{n,k}^m({\gamma }^2)$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$ in descending powers of $2n+1$ is derived in Meixner (1944). …The behavior of ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ for complex ${\gamma }^2$ and large $|{\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)|$ is investigated in Hunter and Guerrieri (1982).

19: 30.17 Tables

§30.17 Tables

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Stratton et al. (1956) tabulates quantities closely related to ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ and $a_{n,k}^m({\gamma }^2)$ for $0\le m\le 8$, $m\le n\le 8$, $-64\le {\gamma }^2\le 64$. Precision is 7S.

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Flammer (1957) includes 18 tables of eigenvalues, expansion coefficients, spheroidal wave functions, and other related quantities. Precision varies between 4S and 10S.

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Van Buren et al. (1975) gives ${\lambda }_n^0\left({\gamma }^2\right)$, ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^0(x,{\gamma }^2)$ for $0\le n\le 49$, $-1600\le {\gamma }^2\le 1600$, $-1\le x\le 1$. Precision is 8S.

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Zhang and Jin (1996) includes 24 tables of eigenvalues, spheroidal wave functions and their derivatives. Precision varies between 6S and 8S.

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20: 3.2 Linear Algebra

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§3.2(iv) Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

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§3.2(v) Condition of Eigenvalues

… ►has the same eigenvalues as $𝐀$. … ►

§3.2(vii) Computation of Eigenvalues

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