Neumann addition theorem

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21: 27.15 Chinese Remainder Theorem

§27.15 Chinese Remainder Theorem

►The Chinese remainder theorem states that a system of congruences $x\equiv a_1(mod{m}_1),\mathrm{\dots },x\equiv a_k(mod{m}_k)$, always has a solution if the moduli are relatively prime in pairs; the solution is unique (mod $m$), where $m$ is the product of the moduli. ►This theorem is employed to increase efficiency in calculating with large numbers by making use of smaller numbers in most of the calculation. …By the Chinese remainder theorem each integer in the data can be uniquely represented by its residues (mod $m_1$), (mod $m_2$), (mod $m_3$), and (mod $m_4$), respectively. …These numbers, in turn, are combined by the Chinese remainder theorem to obtain the final result $(modm)$, which is correct to 20 digits. …

22: 8.15 Sums

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8.15.2 $$a\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{2\pi \mathrm{i}k(z+h)}}{{\left(2\pi \mathrm{i}k\right)}^{a+1}}\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,2\pi \mathrm{i}kz)+\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-2\pi \mathrm{i}k(z+h)}}{{\left(-2\pi \mathrm{i}k\right)}^{a+1}}\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,-2\pi \mathrm{i}kz)\right)=\zeta (-a,z+h)+\frac{z^{a+1}}{a+1}+\left(h-\frac{1}{2}\right)z^a,$$ $h\in [0,1]$.

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Symbols:

$\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $[a,b]$: closed interval, $\in$: element of, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $k$: nonnegative integer

Proof sketch:

Start with and $z>0$. For $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}kz)$ take integral representation (8.2.2) and use the substitution $t=\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}kz(1+\tau )$. The sum and the integral can be interchanged, and the sum can be evaluated via (4.6.1). Use integration by parts. This will result in $\left(h-\frac{1}{2}\right)z^a$ plus two integrals with infinitely many poles. The residue theorem (§1.10(iv)) will give us an infinite series which can be identified via (25.11.1). For other values of $a$ and $z$ use analytic continuation.

Referenced by:

§25.11(x), §25.11(x), §8.15, Erratum (V1.1.3) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.15.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.3):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §8.15 and Ch.8

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23: 19.11 Addition Theorems

§19.11 Addition Theorems

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24: 14.12 Integral Representations

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Neumann’s Integral

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25: 1.10 Functions of a Complex Variable

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Picard’s Theorem

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§1.10(iv) Residue Theorem

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Rouché’s Theorem

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Lagrange Inversion Theorem

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26: 4.21 Identities

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§4.21(i) Addition Formulas

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4.21.1_5 $$A\cos u+B\sin u=\sqrt{A^2+B^2}\cos \left(u-\mathrm{ph}\left(A+B\mathrm{i}\right)\right),$$ $A,B\in ℝ$,

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $\in$: element of, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $ℝ$: real line and $\sin z$: sine function

Referenced by:

§4.21(i), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.21.E1_5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation was added.

Suggested 2018-08-14 by Ted Ersek

See also:

Annotations for §4.21(i), §4.21 and Ch.4

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De Moivre’s Theorem

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27: 1.12 Continued Fractions

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Pringsheim’s Theorem

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Van Vleck’s Theorem

… ►The continued fraction converges iff, in addition, …

28: 14.30 Spherical and Spheroidal Harmonics

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Addition Theorem

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14.30.11_5 $${\mathrm{L}}_z{Y}_{l,m}=\mathrm{\hslash }m{Y}_{l,m},$$ $m=-l,-1+1,\mathrm{\dots },0,\mathrm{\dots },l-1,l$,

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Symbols:

$Y_{l,m}(\theta ,\varphi )$: spherical harmonic, $m$: integer, $l$: nonnegative integer and ${\mathrm{L}}_z$: $z$ component of the angular momentum operator

Referenced by:

§14.30(iv), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.30.E11_5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §14.30(iv), §14.30 and Ch.14

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14.30.13 $${\mathrm{L}}_z=-\mathrm{i}\mathrm{\hslash }\frac{\partial }{\partial \varphi };$$

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Defines:

${\mathrm{L}}_z$: $z$ component of the angular momentum operator (locally)

Symbols:

$\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§14.30(iv), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.30.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §14.30(iv), §14.30 and Ch.14

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29: Bibliography S

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Sturm oscillation and comparison theorems. In Sturm-Liouville theory, pp. 29–43.

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External Links:

Document, Link, MathReview Entry

Referenced by:

§18.36(vi), §18.39(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Szegő’s Theorem and Its Descendants. Spectral Theory for $L^2$ Perturbations of Orthogonal Polynomials. M. B. Porter Lectures, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

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External Links:

ISBN 978-0-691-14704-8, MathReview (Harry Dym)

Referenced by:

§18.2(xi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Staudt and arithmetical properties of Bernoulli numbers. Historia Sci. (2) 5 (1), pp. 69–74.

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External Links:

ISSN 0285-4821, MathReview (Peter M. Neumann), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.10(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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30: 18.2 General Orthogonal Polynomials

… ► … ►Markov’s theorem states that … ►Under further conditions on the weight function there is an equiconvergence theorem, see Szegő (1975, Theorem 13.1.2). … ►Part of this theorem was already proved by Blumenthal (1898). … ►See Szegő (1975, Theorem 7.2). …