DLMF: Untitled Document

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28.16.1

\lambda_{\nu}\left(h^{2}\right)\sim-2h^{2}+2sh-\dfrac{1}{8}(s^{2}+1)-\dfrac{1}% {2^{7}h}(s^{3}+3s)-\dfrac{1}{2^{12}h^{2}}(5s^{4}+34s^{2}+9)-\dfrac{1}{2^{17}h^% {3}}(33s^{5}+410s^{3}+405s)-\dfrac{1}{2^{20}h^{4}}(63s^{6}+1260s^{4}+2943s^{2}% +486)-\dfrac{1}{2^{25}h^{5}}(527s^{7}+15617s^{5}+69001s^{3}+41607s)+\cdots.

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\lambda_{\NVar{\nu+2n}}\left(\NVar{q}\right)$ : eigenvalues of Mathieu equation, $\sim$ : Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $h$ : parameter and $\nu$ : complex parameter
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.16.E1
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §28.16 and Ch.28

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Cody (1969) provides minimax rational approximations for $\operatorname{erf}x$ and $\operatorname{erfc}x$ . The maximum relative precision is about 20S.

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Cody et al. (1970) gives minimax rational approximations to Dawson’s integral $F\left(x\right)$ (maximum relative precision 20S–22S).

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See accompanying text — Figure 25.3.1: Riemann zeta function $\zeta\left(x\right)$ and its derivative $\zeta'\left(x\right)$ , $-20\leq x\leq 10$ . Magnify

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… ►Apostol was born on August 20, 1923. … ►He was internationally known for his textbooks on calculus, analysis, and analytic number theory, which have been translated into five languages, and for creating Project MATHEMATICS!, a series of video programs that bring mathematics to life with computer animation, live action, music, and special effects. … ►In 1998, the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) awarded him the annual Trevor Evans Award, presented to authors of an exceptional article that is accessible to undergraduates, for his piece entitled “What Is the Most Surprising Result in Mathematics?” (Answer: the prime number theorem). … ►

27 Functions of Number Theory

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Miller (1946) tabulates $\operatorname{Ai}\left(x\right)$ , $\operatorname{Ai}'\left(x\right)$ for $x=-20(.01)2;$ $\operatorname{log}_{10}\operatorname{Ai}\left(x\right)$ , $\operatorname{Ai}'\left(x\right)/\operatorname{Ai}\left(x\right)$ for $x=0(.1)25(1)75$ ; $\operatorname{Bi}\left(x\right)$ , $\operatorname{Bi}'\left(x\right)$ for $x=-10(.1)2.5$ ; $\operatorname{log}_{10}\operatorname{Bi}\left(x\right)$ , $\operatorname{Bi}'\left(x\right)/\operatorname{Bi}\left(x\right)$ for $x=0(.1)10$ ; $M\left(x\right)$ , $N\left(x\right)$ , $\theta\left(x\right)$ , $\phi\left(x\right)$ (respectively $F(x)$ , $G(x)$ , $\chi(x)$ , $\psi(x)$ ) for $x=-80(1)-30(.1)0$ . Precision is generally 8D; slightly less for some of the auxiliary functions. Extracts from these tables are included in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 10), together with some auxiliary functions for large arguments.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, p. 337) tabulates $\operatorname{Ai}\left(x\right)$ , $\operatorname{Ai}'\left(x\right)$ , $\operatorname{Bi}\left(x\right)$ , $\operatorname{Bi}'\left(x\right)$ for $x=0(1)20$ to 8S and for $x=-20(1)0$ to 9D.

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Miller (1946) tabulates $a_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Ai}'\left(a_{k}\right)$ , $a^{\prime}_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Ai}\left(a^{\prime}_{k}\right)$ , $k=1(1)50$ ; $b_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Bi}'\left(b_{k}\right)$ , $b^{\prime}_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Bi}\left(b^{\prime}_{k}\right)$ , $k=1(1)20$ . Precision is 8D. Entries for $k=1(1)20$ are reproduced in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 10).

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Sherry (1959) tabulates $a_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Ai}'\left(a_{k}\right)$ , $a^{\prime}_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Ai}\left(a^{\prime}_{k}\right)$ , $k=1(1)50$ ; 20S.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, p. 339) tabulates $a_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Ai}'\left(a_{k}\right)$ , $a^{\prime}_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Ai}\left(a^{\prime}_{k}\right)$ , $b_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Bi}'\left(b_{k}\right)$ , $b^{\prime}_{k}$ , $\operatorname{Bi}\left(b^{\prime}_{k}\right)$ , $k=1(1)20$ ; 8D.

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Cody et al. (1971) gives rational approximations for $\zeta\left(s\right)$ in the form of quotients of polynomials or quotients of Chebyshev series. The ranges covered are $0.5\leq s\leq 5$ , $5\leq s\leq 11$ , $11\leq s\leq 25$ , $25\leq s\leq 55$ . Precision is varied, with a maximum of 20S.

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Ince (1932) includes eigenvalues $a_{n}$ , $b_{n}$ , and Fourier coefficients for $n=0$ or $1(1)6$ , $q=0(1)10(2)20(4)40$ ; 7D. Also $\operatorname{ce}_{n}\left(x,q\right)$ , $\operatorname{se}_{n}\left(x,q\right)$ for $q=0(1)10$ , $x=1(1)90$ , corresponding to the eigenvalues in the tables; 5D. Notation: $a_{n}=\mathit{be}_{n}-2q$ , $b_{n}=\mathit{bo}_{n}-2q$ .

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Kirkpatrick (1960) contains tables of the modified functions $\operatorname{Ce}_{n}\left(x,q\right)$ , $\operatorname{Se}_{n+1}\left(x,q\right)$ for $n=0(1)5$ , $q=1(1)20$ , $x=0.1(.1)1$ ; 4D or 5D.

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National Bureau of Standards (1967) includes the eigenvalues $a_{n}\left(q\right)$ , $b_{n}\left(q\right)$ for $n=0(1)3$ with $q=0(.2)20(.5)37(1)100$ , and $n=4(1)15$ with $q=0(2)100$ ; Fourier coefficients for $\operatorname{ce}_{n}\left(x,q\right)$ and $\operatorname{se}_{n}\left(x,q\right)$ for $n=0(1)15$ , $n=1(1)15$ , respectively, and various values of $q$ in the interval $[0,100]$ ; joining factors $g_{\mathit{e},n}(\sqrt{q})$ , $f_{\mathit{e},n}(\sqrt{q})$ for $n=0(1)15$ with $q=0(.5\mbox{ to }10)100$ (but in a different notation). Also, eigenvalues for large values of $q$ . Precision is generally 8D.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 521–532) includes the eigenvalues $a_{n}\left(q\right)$ , $b_{n+1}\left(q\right)$ for $n=0(1)4$ , $q=0(1)50$ ; $n=0(1)20$ ( $a$ ’s) or 19 ( $b$ ’s), $q=1,3,5,10,15,25,50(50)200$ . Fourier coefficients for $\operatorname{ce}_{n}\left(x,10\right)$ , $\operatorname{se}_{n+1}\left(x,10\right)$ , $n=0(1)7$ . Mathieu functions $\operatorname{ce}_{n}\left(x,10\right)$ , $\operatorname{se}_{n+1}\left(x,10\right)$ , and their first $x$ -derivatives for $n=0(1)4$ , $x=0(5^{\circ})90^{\circ}$ . Modified Mathieu functions ${\operatorname{Mc}^{(j)}_{n}}\left(x,\sqrt{10}\right)$ , ${\operatorname{Ms}^{(j)}_{n+1}}\left(x,\sqrt{10}\right)$ , and their first $x$ -derivatives for $n=0(1)4$ , $j=1,2$ , $x=0(.2)4$ . Precision is mostly 9S.

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\genfrac{(}{)}{0.0pt}{}{n}{n_{1},n_{2},\ldots,n_{k}}

is the number of ways of placing

n=n_{1}+n_{2}+\cdots+n_{k}

distinct objects into

k

labeled boxes so that there are

n_{j}

objects in the

j

th box. It is also the number of

k

-dimensional lattice paths from

(0,0,\ldots,0)

to

(n_{1},n_{2},\ldots,n_{k})

. … ►

M_{2}

is the number of permutations of

\{1,2,\ldots,n\}

with

a_{1}

cycles of length 1,

a_{2}

cycles of length 2,

\dotsc

, and

a_{n}

cycles of length

n

: ►

26.4.7

M_{2}=\frac{n!}{1^{a_{1}}(a_{1}!)\,2^{a_{2}}(a_{2}!)\,\cdots\,n^{a_{n}}(a_{n}!% )}.

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Symbols:: $!$ : factorial (as in $n!$ ), $n$ : nonnegative integer, $a_{n}$ : nonnegative integers and $M_{2}$ : number of permutations
Referenced by:: §26.13
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.4.E7
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §26.4(i), §26.4 and Ch.26

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M_{3}

is the number of set partitions of

\{1,2,\ldots,n\}

with

a_{1}

subsets of size 1,

a_{2}

subsets of size 2,

\dotsc

, and

a_{n}

subsets of size

n

: …

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§6.16(ii) Number-Theoretic Significance of $\operatorname{li}\left(x\right)$

►If we assume Riemann’s hypothesis that all nonreal zeros of

\zeta\left(s\right)

have real part of

\tfrac{1}{2}

(§25.10(i)), then ►

6.16.5

\operatorname{li}\left(x\right)-\pi(x)=O\left(\sqrt{x}\ln x\right),

x\to\infty

,

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Symbols:: $O\left(\NVar{x}\right)$ : order not exceeding, $\operatorname{li}\left(\NVar{x}\right)$ : logarithmic integral, $\ln\NVar{z}$ : principal branch of logarithm function, $x$ : real variable and $\pi(x)$ : number of primes $\leq x$
A&S Ref:: 5.1.50
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.16.E5
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §6.16(ii), §6.16 and Ch.6

►where

\pi(x)

is the number of primes less than or equal to

x

. … ►

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21—30 of 274 matching pages

21: 28.16 Asymptotic Expansions for Large $q$

22: 7.24 Approximations

23: 25.3 Graphics

24: 25.12 Polylogarithms

25: Tom M. Apostol

26: 9.18 Tables

27: 25.20 Approximations

28: 28.35 Tables

29: 26.4 Lattice Paths: Multinomial Coefficients and Set Partitions

30: 6.16 Mathematical Applications

§6.16(ii) Number-Theoretic Significance of $\operatorname{li}\left(x\right)$

AOL%20Password%20Reset%20Phone%20Number%208075003455

21—30 of 274 matching pages

21: 28.16 Asymptotic Expansions for Large q

22: 7.24 Approximations

23: 25.3 Graphics

24: 25.12 Polylogarithms

25: Tom M. Apostol

26: 9.18 Tables

27: 25.20 Approximations

28: 28.35 Tables

29: 26.4 Lattice Paths: Multinomial Coefficients and Set Partitions

30: 6.16 Mathematical Applications

§6.16(ii) Number-Theoretic Significance of li ⁡ ( x )

21: 28.16 Asymptotic Expansions for Large $q$

§6.16(ii) Number-Theoretic Significance of $\operatorname{li}\left(x\right)$