of integers
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31: 24.1 Special Notation
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►Unless otherwise noted, the formulas in this chapter hold for all values of the variables and , and for all nonnegative integers
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integers, nonnegative unless stated otherwise. | |
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32: 27.1 Special Notation
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positive integers (unless otherwise indicated). | |
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prime numbers (or primes): integers () with only two positive integer divisors, and the number itself. | |
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33: 21.1 Special Notation
34: 27.5 Inversion Formulas
35: 27.8 Dirichlet Characters
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►If
is a given integer, then a function is called a Dirichlet character (mod ) if it is completely multiplicative, periodic with period , and vanishes when .
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27.8.2
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27.8.3
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27.8.4
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►A Dirichlet character is called primitive (mod ) if for every proper divisor of (that is, a divisor ), there exists an integer
, with and .
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36: 4.8 Identities
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4.8.5
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4.8.6
, ,
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4.8.8
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►where the integer
is chosen so that .
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►The restriction on can be removed when is an integer.
37: 14.34 Software
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Adams and Swarztrauber (1997). Integer parameters. Fortran.
Braithwaite (1973). Integer parameters. Fortran.
Delic (1979a). Integer parameters. Fortran.
Gil and Segura (1997). Integer and half-integer parameters. Fortran.
Gil and Segura (1998). Integer parameters. Fortran.
38: 27.13 Functions
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►Whereas multiplicative number theory is concerned with functions arising from prime factorization, additive number theory treats functions related to addition of integers.
The basic problem is that of expressing a given positive integer
as a sum of integers from some prescribed set whose members are primes, squares, cubes, or other special integers.
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►Waring’s problem is to find, for each positive integer
, whether there is an integer
(depending only on ) such that the equation
…has nonnegative integer solutions for all .
…Similarly, denotes the smallest for which (27.13.1) has nonnegative integer solutions for all sufficiently large .
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