normal forms

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1: 31.14 General Fuchsian Equation
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Normal Form
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2: 30.2 Differential Equations
… ►The Liouville normal form of equation (30.2.1) is …
3: 22.18 Mathematical Applications
… ►The special case y 2 = ( 1 − x 2 ) ⁢ ( 1 − k 2 ⁢ x 2 ) is in Jacobian normal form. For any two points ( x 1 , y 1 ) and ( x 2 , y 2 ) on this curve, their sum ( x 3 , y 3 ) , always a third point on the curve, is defined by the Jacobi–Abel addition law …
4: 22.15 Inverse Functions
… ►The integrals (22.15.12)–(22.15.14) can be regarded as normal forms for representing the inverse functions. …can be transformed into normal form by elementary change of variables. …
5: 31.2 Differential Equations
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§31.2(ii) Normal Form of Heun’s Equation
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6: 36.2 Catastrophes and Canonical Integrals
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Normal Forms Associated with Canonical Integrals: Cuspoid Catastrophe with Codimension K
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Normal Forms for Umbilic Catastrophes with Codimension K = 3
… ►For more extensive lists of normal forms of catastrophes (umbilic and beyond) involving two variables (“corank two”) see Arnol’d (1972, 1974, 1975). …
7: Bibliography
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  • V. I. Arnol’d (1972) Normal forms of functions near degenerate critical points, the Weyl groups A k , D k , E k and Lagrangian singularities. Funkcional. Anal. i Priložen. 6 (4), pp. 3–25 (Russian).
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  • V. I. Arnol’d (1974) Normal forms of functions in the neighborhood of degenerate critical points. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 29 (2(176)), pp. 11–49 (Russian).
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  • V. I. Arnol’d (1975) Critical points of smooth functions, and their normal forms. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 30 (5(185)), pp. 3–65 (Russian).
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    8: 1.18 Linear Second Order Differential Operators and Eigenfunction Expansions
    … ►These are based on the Liouville normal form of (1.13.29). … ► … ► …
    9: 19.14 Reduction of General Elliptic Integrals
    … ►The choice among 21 transformations for final reduction to Legendre’s normal form depends on inequalities involving the limits of integration and the zeros of the cubic or quartic polynomial. …
    10: 1.13 Differential Equations
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    Transformation to Liouville normal Form
    ►Equation (1.13.26) with x ∈ [ a , b ] may be transformed to the Liouville normal form …