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21: 10.56 Generating Functions

… ►When , ►

10.56.1 $$\frac{\cos \sqrt{z^2-2zt}}{z}=\frac{\cos z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{t^n}{n!}{𝗃}_{n-1}\left(z\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), ${𝗃}_n\left(z\right)$: spherical Bessel function of the first kind, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56, Ch.10

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E1

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Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

►

10.56.2 $$\frac{\sin \sqrt{z^2-2zt}}{z}=\frac{\sin z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{t^n}{n!}{𝗒}_{n-1}\left(z\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\sin z$: sine function, ${𝗒}_n\left(z\right)$: spherical Bessel function of the second kind, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E2

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Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

►

10.56.3 $$\frac{\cosh \sqrt{z^2+2\mathrm{i}zt}}{z}=\frac{\cosh z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(\mathrm{i}t)}^n}{n!}{𝗂}_{n-1}^{(1)}\left(z\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, ${𝗂}_n^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: modified spherical Bessel function, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E3

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

►

10.56.4 $$\frac{\sinh \sqrt{z^2+2\mathrm{i}zt}}{z}=\frac{\sinh z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(\mathrm{i}t)}^n}{n!}{𝗂}_{n-1}^{(2)}\left(z\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, ${𝗂}_n^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: modified spherical Bessel function, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E4

Encodings:

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Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

…

22: 32.5 Integral Equations

… ►Let $K(z,\zeta )$ be the solution of ►

32.5.1 $$K(z,\zeta )=k\mathrm{Ai}\left(\frac{z+\zeta }{2}\right)+\frac{k^2}{4}{\int }_z^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\int }_z^{\mathrm{\infty }}K(z,s)\mathrm{Ai}\left(\frac{s+t}{2}\right)\mathrm{Ai}\left(\frac{t+\zeta }{2}\right)dsdt,$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $z$: real, $k$: real and $K(z,\zeta )$: solution

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.5.E1

Encodings:

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Annotations for §32.5 and Ch.32

►where $k$ is a real constant, and $\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$ is defined in §9.2. … ►

32.5.2 $$w(z)=K(z,z),$$

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Symbols:

$z$: real and $K(z,\zeta )$: solution

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.5.E2

Encodings:

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Annotations for §32.5 and Ch.32

… ►

32.5.3 $$w(z)\sim k\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right),$$ $z\to +\mathrm{\infty }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $z$: real and $k$: real

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.5.E3

Encodings:

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Annotations for §32.5 and Ch.32

23: 4.34 Derivatives and Differential Equations

… ►

4.34.1 $$\frac{d}{dz}\sinh z=\cosh z,$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.71

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E1

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Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

►

4.34.2 $$\frac{d}{dz}\cosh z=\sinh z,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.72

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E2

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

… ►

4.34.4 $$\frac{d}{dz}\mathrm{csch}z=-\mathrm{csch}z\coth z,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\mathrm{csch}z$: hyperbolic cosecant function, $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.74

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E4

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

►

4.34.5 $$\frac{d}{dz}\mathrm{sech}z=-\mathrm{sech}z\tanh z,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\mathrm{sech}z$: hyperbolic secant function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.75

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E5

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

… ►

4.34.11 $$w=A\cosh \left(az\right)+B\sinh \left(az\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $a$: real or complex constant, $z$: complex variable, $w$: solution, $A$: arbitrary constant and $B$: arbitrary constant

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E11

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

…

24: 4.1 Special Notation

… ►The main purpose of the present chapter is to extend these definitions and properties to complex arguments $z$. ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the logarithm $\ln z$, $\mathrm{Ln}z$; the exponential $\exp z$, ${\mathrm{e}}^z$; the circular trigonometric (or just trigonometric) functions $\sin z$, $\cos z$, $\tan z$, $\csc z$, $\sec z$, $\cot z$; the inverse trigonometric functions $\arcsin z$, $\mathrm{Arcsin}z$, etc. ; the hyperbolic trigonometric (or just hyperbolic) functions $\sinh z$, $\cosh z$, $\tanh z$, $\mathrm{csch}z$, $\mathrm{sech}z$, $\coth z$; the inverse hyperbolic functions $\mathrm{arcsinh}z$, $\mathrm{Arcsinh}z$, etc. ►Sometimes in the literature the meanings of $\ln$ and $\mathrm{Ln}$ are interchanged; similarly for $\arcsin z$ and $\mathrm{Arcsin}z$, etc. …${\sin }^{-1}z$ for $\arcsin z$ and ${\mathrm{Sin}}^{-1}z$ for $\mathrm{Arcsin}z$.

25: 4.31 Special Values and Limits

… ►

Table 4.31.1: Hyperbolic functions: values at multiples of $\frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}$.

► ►►►►

$z$	0	$\frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}$	$\pi \mathrm{i}$	$\frac{3}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}$	$\mathrm{\infty }$
…
$\cosh z$	$1$	$0$	$-1$	$0$	$\mathrm{\infty }$
…
$\coth z$	$\mathrm{\infty }$	$0$	$\mathrm{\infty }$	$0$	$1$

►

►

4.31.1 $$\underset{z\to 0}{lim}\frac{\sinh z}{z}=1,$$

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Symbols:

$\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.31.E1

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.31 and Ch.4

►

4.31.2 $$\underset{z\to 0}{lim}\frac{\tanh z}{z}=1,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.31.E2

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.31 and Ch.4

►

4.31.3 $$\underset{z\to 0}{lim}\frac{\cosh z-1}{z^2}=\frac{1}{2}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.31.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.31 and Ch.4

26: 7.10 Derivatives

… ►For the Hermite polynomial $H_n\left(z\right)$ see §18.3. ►

7.10.2 $$w^{\prime }\left(z\right)=-2zw\left(z\right)+(2\mathrm{i}/\sqrt{\pi }),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $w\left(z\right)$: Faddeeva (or Faddeyeva) function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.1.20

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.10.E2

Encodings:

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Annotations for §7.10 and Ch.7

►

7.10.3 $$w^{(n+2)}\left(z\right)+2z{w}^{(n+1)}\left(z\right)+2(n+1)w^{(n)}\left(z\right)=0,$$ $n=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$w\left(z\right)$: Faddeeva (or Faddeyeva) function, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

A&S Ref:

7.1.20

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.10.E3

Encodings:

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Annotations for §7.10 and Ch.7

►

${\displaystyle \frac{d\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)}{dz}}=-\pi z\mathrm{g}\left(z\right),$

►

${\displaystyle \frac{d\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)}{dz}}=\pi z\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)-1.$

27: 4.9 Continued Fractions

… ►

4.9.2 $$\ln \left(\frac{1+z}{1-z}\right)=\frac{2z}{1-}\frac{z^2}{3-}\frac{4z^2}{5-}\frac{9z^2}{7-}\frac{16z^2}{9-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.1.40

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.9.E2

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.9(i), §4.9 and Ch.4

►valid when $z\in ℂ\setminus (-\mathrm{\infty },-1]\cup [1,\mathrm{\infty })$; see Figure 4.23.1(i). … ►For $z\in ℂ$, ►

$${\mathrm{e}}^z=\frac{1}{1-}\frac{z}{1+}\frac{z}{2-}\frac{z}{3+}\frac{z}{2-}\frac{z}{5+}\frac{z}{2-}\mathrm{\cdots }$$

►

$$=1+\frac{z}{1-}\frac{z}{2+}\frac{z}{3-}\frac{z}{2+}\frac{z}{5-}\frac{z}{2+}\frac{z}{7-}\mathrm{\cdots }$$

…

28: 12.4 Power-Series Expansions

… ►

12.4.1 $$U(a,z)=U(a,0)u_1(a,z)+U^{\prime }(a,0)u_2(a,z),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $u_1(a,z)$: solution and $u_2(a,z)$: solution

Referenced by:

§12.20

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.4.E1

Encodings:

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Annotations for §12.4 and Ch.12

►

12.4.2 $$V(a,z)=V(a,0)u_1(a,z)+V^{\prime }(a,0)u_2(a,z),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$V(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $u_1(a,z)$: solution and $u_2(a,z)$: solution

Referenced by:

§12.20

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.4.E2

Encodings:

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Annotations for §12.4 and Ch.12

►where the initial values are given by (12.2.6)–(12.2.9), and $u_1(a,z)$ and $u_2(a,z)$ are the even and odd solutions of (12.2.2) given by … ►

12.4.4 $$u_2(a,z)={\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}\left(z+(a+\frac{3}{2})\frac{z^3}{3!}+(a+\frac{3}{2})(a+\frac{7}{2})\frac{z^5}{5!}+\mathrm{\cdots }\right).$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$u_2(a,z)$: solution (locally)

Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $z$: complex variable and $a$: real or complex parameter

A&S Ref:

19.2.3 (modification of)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.4.E4

Encodings:

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Annotations for §12.4 and Ch.12

… ►These series converge for all values of $z$.

29: 10.12 Generating Function and Associated Series

… ►For $z\in ℂ$ and $t\in ℂ\setminus \{0\}$, … ►Jacobi–Anger expansions: for $z,\theta \in ℂ$, … ►

$\sin z=2J_1\left(z\right)-2J_3\left(z\right)+2J_5\left(z\right)-\mathrm{\cdots },$

►

$\frac{1}{2}z\cos z=J_1\left(z\right)-9J_3\left(z\right)+25J_5\left(z\right)-49J_7\left(z\right)+\mathrm{\cdots },$

►

$\frac{1}{2}z\sin z=4J_2\left(z\right)-16J_4\left(z\right)+36J_6\left(z\right)-\mathrm{\cdots }.$

30: 4.25 Continued Fractions

… ►

4.25.3 $$\frac{\arcsin z}{\sqrt{1-z^2}}=\frac{z}{1-}\frac{1\cdot 2z^2}{3-}\frac{1\cdot 2z^2}{5-}\frac{3\cdot 4z^2}{7-}\frac{3\cdot 4z^2}{9-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\arcsin z$: arcsine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.4.44

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E3

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

►valid when $z$ lies in the open cut plane shown in Figure 4.23.1(i). ►

4.25.4 $$\arctan z=\frac{z}{1+}\frac{z^2}{3+}\frac{4z^2}{5+}\frac{9z^2}{7+}\frac{16z^2}{9+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\arctan z$: arctangent function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.4.43

Referenced by:

§3.10(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E4

Encodings:

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Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

►valid when $z$ lies in the open cut plane shown in Figure 4.23.1(ii). …valid when $z$ lies in the open cut plane shown in Figure 4.23.1(iv). …