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21: 21.5 Modular Transformations
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βΊLet , , , and be matrices with integer elements such that
…Here is an eighth root of unity, that is, .
…
βΊ
21.5.5
βΊ( invertible with integer elements.)
…For a matrix we define , as a column vector with the diagonal entries as elements.
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22: 8.20 Asymptotic Expansions of
§8.20 Asymptotic Expansions of
… βΊFor an exponentially-improved asymptotic expansion of see §2.11(iii). … βΊFor and let and define , …so that is a polynomial in of degree when . … βΊ23: 1.12 Continued Fractions
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βΊ
is called the th approximant or convergent to
.
and are called the th (canonical) numerator and denominator respectively.
…
βΊDefine
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βΊConversely, is called an extension of .
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βΊThen the convergents satisfy
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24: 23.15 Definitions
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βΊAlso denotes a bilinear transformation on , given by
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βΊA modular function
is a function of that is meromorphic in the half-plane , and has the property that for all , or for all belonging to a subgroup of SL,
βΊ
23.15.5
,
βΊwhere is a constant depending only on , and (the level) is an integer or half an odd integer.
…
βΊ
23.15.7
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25: 26.10 Integer Partitions: Other Restrictions
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βΊThe set is denoted by .
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βΊNote that , with strict inequality for .
It is known that for , , with strict inequality for sufficiently large, provided that , or ; see Yee (2004).
…
βΊwhere is the modified Bessel function (§10.25(ii)), and
…The quantity is real-valued.
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26: 3.7 Ordinary Differential Equations
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βΊwhere , , and are analytic functions in a domain .
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βΊwhere is the matrix
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βΊLet be the band matrix
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βΊIf, for example, , then on moving the contributions of and to the right-hand side of (3.7.13) the resulting system of equations is not tridiagonal, but can readily be made tridiagonal by annihilating the elements of that lie below the main diagonal and its two adjacent diagonals.
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βΊIf is on the closure of , then the discretized form (3.7.13) of the differential equation can be used.
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27: 1.1 Special Notation
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βΊ
βΊ
βΊIn the physics, applied maths, and engineering literature a common alternative to is , being a complex number or a matrix; the Hermitian conjugate of is usually being denoted .
real variables. | |
… | |
or or matrix with elements or . | |
inverse of the square matrix | |
… | |
determinant of the square matrix | |
trace of the square matrix | |
… |
28: 3.3 Interpolation
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βΊIf is analytic in a simply-connected domain (§1.13(i)), then for ,
…where is a simple closed contour in described in the positive rotational sense and enclosing the points .
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βΊand are the Lagrangian interpolation coefficients defined by
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βΊwhere is given by (3.3.3), and is a simple closed contour in described in the positive rotational sense and enclosing .
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βΊThen by using in Newton’s interpolation formula, evaluating and recomputing , another application of Newton’s rule with starting value gives the approximation , with 8 correct digits.
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29: 28.31 Equations of Whittaker–Hill and Ince
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βΊand constant values of , and , is called the Equation of
Whittaker–Hill.
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βΊWhen , we substitute
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βΊThey are denoted by
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βΊThey are real and distinct, and can be ordered so that and have precisely zeros, all simple, in .
…ambiguities in sign being resolved by requiring and to be continuous functions of and positive when .
…