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1: 24.1 Special Notation

… ►

Bernoulli Numbers and Polynomials

►The origin of the notation $B_n$, $B_n\left(x\right)$, is not clear. … ►

Euler Numbers and Polynomials

… ►Its coefficients were first studied in Euler (1755); they were called Euler numbers by Raabe in 1851. The notations $E_n$, $E_n\left(x\right)$, as defined in §24.2(ii), were used in Lucas (1891) and Nörlund (1924). …

2: 33.18 Limiting Forms for Large $\mathrm{\ell }$

§33.18 Limiting Forms for Large $\mathrm{\ell }$

►As $\mathrm{\ell }\to \mathrm{\infty }$ with $ϵ$ and $r$ ($\ne 0$) fixed, ►

$f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)\sim {\displaystyle \frac{{(2r)}^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!}},$

►

$h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)\sim {\displaystyle \frac{(2\mathrm{\ell })!}{\pi {(2r)}^{\mathrm{\ell }}}}.$

3: 33.13 Complex Variable and Parameters

… ►The functions $F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$, $G_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$, and $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$ may be extended to noninteger values of $\mathrm{\ell }$ by generalizing $(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!=\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(2\mathrm{\ell }+2\right)$, and supplementing (33.6.5) by a formula derived from (33.2.8) with $U(a,b,z)$ expanded via (13.2.42). ►These functions may also be continued analytically to complex values of $\rho$, $\eta$, and $\mathrm{\ell }$. The quantities $C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$, and $R_{\mathrm{\ell }}$, given by (33.2.6), (33.2.10), and (33.4.1), respectively, must be defined consistently so that ►

33.13.1 $$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)=2^{\mathrm{\ell }}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}{\sigma }_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)-(\pi \eta /2)}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mathrm{\ell }+1-\mathrm{i}\eta \right)/\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(2\mathrm{\ell }+2\right),$$

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Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: Coulomb phase shift, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer and $\eta$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.13.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.13 and Ch.33

… ►

33.13.2 $$R_{\mathrm{\ell }}=(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)/C_{\mathrm{\ell }-1}\left(\eta \right).$$

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Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\eta$: real parameter and $R_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: factor

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.13.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.13 and Ch.33

…

4: 33.5 Limiting Forms for Small $\rho$, Small $|\eta |$, or Large $\mathrm{\ell }$

§33.5 Limiting Forms for Small $\rho$, Small $|\eta |$, or Large $\mathrm{\ell }$

… ►

$$F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(0,\rho )={(\pi \rho /2)}^{1/2}{J}_{\mathrm{\ell }+\frac{1}{2}}\left(\rho \right),$$

… ►

§33.5(iv) Large $\mathrm{\ell }$

►As $\mathrm{\ell }\to \mathrm{\infty }$ with $\eta$ and $\rho$ ($\ne 0$) fixed, … ►

33.5.9 $$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)\sim \frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \eta /2}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!!}\sim {\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \eta /2}\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{\ell }}}{\sqrt{2}{(2\mathrm{\ell })}^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!!$: double factorial, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer and $\eta$: real parameter

Referenced by:

§33.23(iv), §33.5(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.5.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.5(iv), §33.5 and Ch.33

5: 33.14 Definitions and Basic Properties

… ►Again, there is a regular singularity at $r=0$ with indices $\mathrm{\ell }+1$ and $-\mathrm{\ell }$, and an irregular singularity of rank 1 at $r=\mathrm{\infty }$. … ►The functions $s(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$ and $c(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$ are defined by …An alternative formula for $A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })$ is … ►Note that the functions ${\varphi }_{n,\mathrm{\ell }}$, $n=\mathrm{\ell },\mathrm{\ell }+1,\mathrm{\dots }$, do not form a complete orthonormal system. … ►With arguments $ϵ,\mathrm{\ell },r$ suppressed, …

6: 33.16 Connection Formulas

… ►

§33.16(i) $F_{\mathrm{\ell }}$ and $G_{\mathrm{\ell }}$ in Terms of $f$ and $h$

… ►where $C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$ is given by (33.2.5) or (33.2.6). … ►and again define $A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })$ by (33.14.11) or (33.14.12). … ►and again define $A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })$ by (33.14.11) or (33.14.12). … ►When denote $\nu$, ${\zeta }_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\nu ,r)$, and ${\xi }_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\nu ,r)$ by (33.16.8) and (33.16.9). …

7: 33.2 Definitions and Basic Properties

… ►This differential equation has a regular singularity at $\rho =0$ with indices $\mathrm{\ell }+1$ and $-\mathrm{\ell }$, and an irregular singularity of rank 1 at $\rho =\mathrm{\infty }$ (§§2.7(i), 2.7(ii)). … ►The normalizing constant $C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$ is always positive, and has the alternative form … ► ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$ is the Coulomb phase shift. … ► $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{+}(\eta ,\rho )$ and $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{-}(\eta ,\rho )$ are complex conjugates, and their real and imaginary parts are given by … ►As in the case of $F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$, the solutions $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$ and $G_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$ are analytic functions of $\rho$ when . …

8: 33.19 Power-Series Expansions in $r$

… ►

${\alpha }_0=2^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}/(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!,$

… ►

33.19.3 $$2\pi h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)=\sum _{k=0}^{2\mathrm{\ell }}\frac{(2\mathrm{\ell }-k)!{\gamma }_k}{k!}{(2r)}^{k-\mathrm{\ell }}-\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\delta }_k{r}^{k+\mathrm{\ell }+1}-A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })\left(2\ln |2r/\kappa |+\mathrm{\Re }\psi \left(\mathrm{\ell }+1+\kappa \right)+\mathrm{\Re }\psi \left(-\mathrm{\ell }+\kappa \right)\right)f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r),$$ $r\ne 0$.

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Symbols:

$f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$: regular Coulomb function, $h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$: irregular Coulomb function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $r$: real variable, $ϵ$: real parameter, $\kappa$: quantity, $A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })$: function, ${\gamma }_k$: term and ${\delta }_k$: term

Referenced by:

§33.19

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.19.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.19 and Ch.33

►Here $\kappa$ is defined by (33.14.6), $A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })$ is defined by (33.14.11) or (33.14.12), ${\gamma }_0=1$, ${\gamma }_1=1$, and … ►

${\delta }_0=\left({\beta }_{2\mathrm{\ell }+1}-2(\psi \left(2\mathrm{\ell }+2\right)+\psi \left(1\right))A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })\right){\alpha }_0,$

►

${\delta }_1=\left({\beta }_{2\mathrm{\ell }+2}-2(\psi \left(2\mathrm{\ell }+3\right)+\psi \left(2\right))A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })\right){\alpha }_1,$

…

9: 33.20 Expansions for Small $|ϵ|$

… ►where … ►As $ϵ\to 0$ with $\mathrm{\ell }$ and $r$ fixed, …where $A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })$ is given by (33.14.11), (33.14.12), and … ►For a comprehensive collection of asymptotic expansions that cover $f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$ and $h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$ as $ϵ\to 0\pm$ and are uniform in $r$, including unbounded values, see Curtis (1964a, §7). These expansions are in terms of elementary functions, Airy functions, and Bessel functions of orders $2\mathrm{\ell }+1$ and $2\mathrm{\ell }+2$.

10: 33.7 Integral Representations

… ►

33.7.1 $$F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{{\rho }^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}{2}^{\mathrm{\ell }}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\rho -(\pi \eta /2)}}{|\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mathrm{\ell }+1+\mathrm{i}\eta \right)|}{\int }_0^1{\mathrm{e}}^{-2\mathrm{i}\rho t}{t}^{\mathrm{\ell }+\mathrm{i}\eta }{(1-t)}^{\mathrm{\ell }-\mathrm{i}\eta }dt,$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$: regular Coulomb radial function, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

Referenced by:

§33.7, §33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

►

33.7.2 $$H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{-}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mathrm{i}\rho }{\rho }^{-\mathrm{\ell }}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t}{t}^{\mathrm{\ell }-\mathrm{i}\eta }{(t+2\mathrm{i}\rho )}^{\mathrm{\ell }+\mathrm{i}\eta }dt,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$: irregular Coulomb radial functions, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

A&S Ref:

14.3.1 (modified)

Referenced by:

§33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

►

33.7.3 $$H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{-}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{-\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \eta }{\rho }^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\frac{\exp \left(-\mathrm{i}(\rho \tanh t-2\eta t)\right)}{{(\cosh t)}^{2\mathrm{\ell }+2}}+\mathrm{i}{(1+t^2)}^{\mathrm{\ell }}\exp \left(-\rho t+2\eta \arctan t\right)\right)dt,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\arctan z$: arctangent function, $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$: irregular Coulomb radial functions, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

A&S Ref:

14.3.3

Referenced by:

§33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

►

33.7.4 $$H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{+}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \eta }{\rho }^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)}{\int }_{-1}^{-\mathrm{i}\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mathrm{i}\rho t}{(1-t)}^{\mathrm{\ell }-\mathrm{i}\eta }{(1+t)}^{\mathrm{\ell }+\mathrm{i}\eta }dt.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$: irregular Coulomb radial functions, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

A&S Ref:

14.3.2

Referenced by:

§33.7, §33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

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