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21: 2.2 Transcendental Equations

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2.2.3 $$t^2-\ln t=y.$$

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Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $y$: root

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/2.2.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §2.2, §2.2 and Ch.2

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2.2.5 $$t^2=y+\ln t=y+\frac{1}{2}\ln y+o\left(1\right),$$

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Symbols:

$o\left(x\right)$: order less than, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $y$: root

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/2.2.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §2.2, §2.2 and Ch.2

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2.2.6 $$t=y^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(1+\frac{1}{4}{y}^{-1}\ln y+o\left(y^{-1}\right)\right),$$ $y\to \mathrm{\infty }$.

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Symbols:

$o\left(x\right)$: order less than, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $y$: root

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/2.2.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §2.2, §2.2 and Ch.2

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22: 4.29 Graphics

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Figure 4.29.2: Principal values of $\mathrm{arcsinh}x$ and $\mathrm{arccosh}x$. … Magnify

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Figure 4.29.4: Principal values of $\mathrm{arctanh}x$ and $\mathrm{arccoth}x$. … Magnify

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Figure 4.29.6: Principal values of $\mathrm{arccsch}x$ and $\mathrm{arcsech}x$. … Magnify

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23: 4.12 Generalized Logarithms and Exponentials

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4.12.6 $$\varphi (x)=\ln \left(x+1\right),$$ ,

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Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $x$: real variable and $\varphi (z)$: generalized exponential

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.12.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.12 and Ch.4

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4.12.9 $$\psi (x)=\mathrm{\ell }+\underset{\mathrm{\ell }\text{ times}}{\underbrace{\ln \mathrm{\cdots }\ln }}x,$$ $x>1$,

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Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $x$: real variable, $\psi (x)$: generalized logarithm and $\mathrm{\ell }$: positive integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.12.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notational Change (effective with 1.0.24):

The $\mathrm{\ell }$-times repeated application of $\ln$, previously given as ${\ln }^{(\mathrm{\ell })}$, has been rewritten using a more conventional notation.

See also:

Annotations for §4.12 and Ch.4

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4.12.10

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Defines:

$\mathrm{\ell }$: positive integer (locally)

Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.12.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notational Change (effective with 1.0.24):

The $\mathrm{\ell }$-times repeated application of $\ln$, previously given as ${\ln }^{(\mathrm{\ell })}$, has been rewritten using a more conventional notation.

See also:

Annotations for §4.12 and Ch.4

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24: 22.1 Special Notation

… ►The functions treated in this chapter are the three principal Jacobian elliptic functions $\mathrm{sn}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{cn}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$; the nine subsidiary Jacobian elliptic functions $\mathrm{cd}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{sd}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{nd}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{dc}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{nc}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{sc}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{ns}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{ds}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{cs}(z,k)$; the amplitude function $\mathrm{am}(x,k)$; Jacobi’s epsilon and zeta functions $ℰ(x,k)$ and $\mathrm{Z}\left(x|k\right)$. …

25: 14.21 Definitions and Basic Properties

… ►When $z$ is complex $P_{\nu }^{\pm \mu }\left(z\right)$, $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$, and ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$ are defined by (14.3.6)–(14.3.10) with $x$ replaced by $z$: the principal branches are obtained by taking the principal values of all the multivalued functions appearing in these representations when $z\in (1,\mathrm{\infty })$, and by continuity elsewhere in the $z$-plane with a cut along the interval $(-\mathrm{\infty },1]$; compare §4.2(i). The principal branches of $P_{\nu }^{\pm \mu }\left(z\right)$ and ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$ are real when $\nu$, $\mu \in ℝ$ and $z\in (1,\mathrm{\infty })$. …

26: 27.11 Asymptotic Formulas: Partial Sums

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27.11.2 $$\sum _{n\le x}d\left(n\right)=x\ln x+(2\gamma -1)x+O\left(\sqrt{x}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $d_k\left(n\right)$: divisor function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $x$: real number

A&S Ref:

24.3.3 III

Referenced by:

§27.11, §27.11, Erratum (V1.1.8) for Section 27.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.11.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.11 and Ch.27

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27.11.3 $$\sum _{n\le x}\frac{d\left(n\right)}{n}=\frac{1}{2}{(\ln x)}^2+2\gamma \ln x+O\left(1\right),$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $d_k\left(n\right)$: divisor function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $x$: real number

Referenced by:

§27.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.11.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.11 and Ch.27

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27.11.6 $$\sum _{n\le x}\varphi \left(n\right)=\frac{3}{{\pi }^2}{x}^2+O\left(x\ln x\right).$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\varphi \left(n\right)$: Euler’s totient, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $x$: real number

A&S Ref:

24.3.2 III (in slightly different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.11 and Ch.27

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27.11.7 $$\sum _{n\le x}\frac{\varphi \left(n\right)}{n}=\frac{6}{{\pi }^2}x+O\left(\ln x\right).$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\varphi \left(n\right)$: Euler’s totient, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $x$: real number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.11 and Ch.27

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27.11.8 $$\sum _{p\le x}\frac{1}{p}=\ln \ln x+A+O\left(\frac{1}{\ln x}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers, $x$: real number and $A$: constant

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.11.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.11 and Ch.27

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27: 4.15 Graphics

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Figure 4.15.2: $\mathrm{Arcsin}x$ and $\mathrm{Arccos}x$. Principal values are shown with thickened lines. Magnify

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Figure 4.15.4: $\arctan x$ and $\mathrm{arccot}x$. Only principal values are shown. … Magnify

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Figure 4.15.6: $\mathrm{arccsc}x$ and $\mathrm{arcsec}x$. Only principal values are shown. … Magnify

… ►Figure 4.15.7 illustrates the conformal mapping of the strip onto the whole $w$-plane cut along the real axis from $-\mathrm{\infty }$ to $-1$ and $1$ to $\mathrm{\infty }$, where $w=\sin z$ and $z=\arcsin w$ (principal value). … ►

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Figure 4.15.9: $\arcsin \left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$ (principal value). … Magnify 3D Help

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28: 4.23 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

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§4.23(ii) Principal Values

… ►Compare the principal value of the logarithm (§4.2(i)). … ►The principal values of the inverse cosecant, secant, and cotangent are given by … ►Graphs of the principal values for real arguments are given in §4.15. … ►Throughout this subsection all quantities assume their principal values. …

29: 10.25 Definitions

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§10.25(ii) Standard Solutions

… ►In particular, the principal branch of $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ is defined in a similar way: it corresponds to the principal value of ${(\frac{1}{2}z)}^{\nu }$, is analytic in $ℂ\setminus (-\mathrm{\infty },0]$, and two-valued and discontinuous on the cut $\mathrm{ph}z=\pm \pi$. … ►The principal branch corresponds to the principal value of the square root in (10.25.3), is analytic in $ℂ\setminus (-\mathrm{\infty },0]$, and two-valued and discontinuous on the cut $\mathrm{ph}z=\pm \pi$. … ►Except where indicated otherwise it is assumed throughout the DLMF that the symbols $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ and $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ denote the principal values of these functions. …

30: 27.12 Asymptotic Formulas: Primes

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27.12.1 $$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\frac{p_n}{n\ln n}=1,$$

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Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.12.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.12 and Ch.27

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27.12.2 $$p_n>n\ln n,$$ $n=1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.12.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.12 and Ch.27

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27.12.4 $$\pi \left(x\right)\sim \sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(k-1)!x}{{(\ln x)}^k}.$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\pi \left(x\right)$: number of primes not exceeding a number, $k$: positive integer and $x$: real number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.12.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.12 and Ch.27

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27.12.5 $$\left|\pi \left(x\right)-\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)\right|=O\left(x\exp \left(-c{(\ln x)}^{1/2}\right)\right),$$ $x\to \mathrm{\infty }$.

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)$: logarithmic integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\pi \left(x\right)$: number of primes not exceeding a number and $x$: real number

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.18) for Equation (27.12.5)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.12.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.18):

Replaced $\sqrt{\ln x}$ with ${(\ln x)}^{1/2}$ to be consistent with other equations in this section.

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.12, §27.12 and Ch.27

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27.12.7

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)$: logarithmic integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\pi \left(x\right)$: number of primes not exceeding a number and $x$: real number

Referenced by:

§27.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.12.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.12, §27.12 and Ch.27

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