hyperbolic sine function

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1: 4.35 Identities

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4.35.9 $$\tanh u\pm \tanh v=\frac{\sinh \left(u\pm v\right)}{\cosh u\cosh v},$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function

A&S Ref:

4.5.45

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.35.E9

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See also:

Annotations for §4.35(i), §4.35 and Ch.4

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4.35.11 $${\cosh }^{2}z-{\sinh }^{2}z=1,$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.16

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.35.E11

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Annotations for §4.35(ii), §4.35 and Ch.4

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4.35.20 $$\sinh \frac{z}{2}={\left(\frac{\cosh z-1}{2}\right)}^{1/2},$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.28

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.35.E20

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Annotations for §4.35(iii), §4.35 and Ch.4

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4.35.26 $$\sinh \left(2z\right)=2\sinh z\cosh z=\frac{2\tanh z}{1-{\tanh }^{2}z},$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.31

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.35.E26

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See also:

Annotations for §4.35(iii), §4.35 and Ch.4

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4.35.34 $$\sinh z=\sinh x\cos y+\mathrm{i}\cosh x\sin y,$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\sin z$: sine function, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.49

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.35.E34

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See also:

Annotations for §4.35(iv), §4.35 and Ch.4

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2: 4.1 Special Notation

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$k,m,n$	integers.
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… ►; the hyperbolic trigonometric (or just hyperbolic) functions $\sinh z$, $\cosh z$, $\tanh z$, $\mathrm{csch}z$, $\mathrm{sech}z$, $\coth z$; the inverse hyperbolic functions $\mathrm{arcsinh}z$, $\mathrm{Arcsinh}z$, etc. …

3: 4.32 Inequalities

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4.32.1 $$\cosh x\le {\left(\frac{\sinh x}{x}\right)}^3,$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.32.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.32 and Ch.4

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4.32.2 $x>0$,

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $\sin z$: sine function and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.32.E2

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.32 and Ch.4

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4.32.3 $$|\cosh x-\cosh y|\ge |x-y|\sqrt{\sinh x\sinh y},$$ $x>0$, $y>0$,

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.32.E3

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.32 and Ch.4

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4: 4.28 Definitions and Periodicity

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4.28.1 $$\sinh z=\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^z-{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}}{2},$$

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Defines:

$\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function

Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.1

Referenced by:

§4.45(i), §4.45(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.28.E1

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Annotations for §4.28 and Ch.4

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4.28.3 $$\cosh z\pm \sinh z={\mathrm{e}}^{\pm z},$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.19 4.5.20

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.28.E3

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Annotations for §4.28 and Ch.4

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4.28.4 $$\tanh z=\frac{\sinh z}{\cosh z},$$

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Defines:

$\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function

Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.3

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.28.E4

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.28 and Ch.4

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4.28.5 $$\mathrm{csch}z=\frac{1}{\sinh z},$$

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Defines:

$\mathrm{csch}z$: hyperbolic cosecant function

Symbols:

$\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.28.E5

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.28 and Ch.4

… ►The functions $\sinh z$ and $\cosh z$ have period $2\pi \mathrm{i}$, and $\tanh z$ has period $\pi \mathrm{i}$. …

5: 4.34 Derivatives and Differential Equations

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4.34.1 $$\frac{d}{dz}\sinh z=\cosh z,$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.71

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E1

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See also:

Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

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4.34.2 $$\frac{d}{dz}\cosh z=\sinh z,$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.72

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E2

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

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4.34.11 $$w=A\cosh \left(az\right)+B\sinh \left(az\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $a$: real or complex constant, $z$: complex variable, $w$: solution, $A$: arbitrary constant and $B$: arbitrary constant

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E11

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Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

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4.34.12 $$w=(1/a)\sinh \left(az+c\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $a$: real or complex constant, $z$: complex variable, $w$: solution and $c$: arbitrary constant

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.34.E12

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.34 and Ch.4

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6: 4.31 Special Values and Limits

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4.31.1 $$\underset{z\to 0}{lim}\frac{\sinh z}{z}=1,$$

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Symbols:

$\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.31.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.31 and Ch.4

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7: 4.40 Integrals

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4.40.1 $$\int \sinh xdx=\cosh x,$$

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Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.77

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.40(ii), §4.40 and Ch.4

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4.40.2 $$\int \cosh xdx=\sinh x,$$

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Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.78

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E2

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.40(ii), §4.40 and Ch.4

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4.40.6 $$\int \coth xdx=\ln \left(\sinh x\right),$$ .

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Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.5.82

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E6

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.40(ii), §4.40 and Ch.4

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4.40.7 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-x}\frac{\sin \left(ax\right)}{\sinh x}dx=\frac{1}{2}\pi \coth \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi a\right)-\frac{1}{a},$$ $a\ne 0$,

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral, $\sin z$: sine function, $a$: real or complex constant and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E7

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §4.40(iii), §4.40 and Ch.4

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4.40.14 $$\int \mathrm{arccsch}xdx=x\mathrm{arccsch}x+\mathrm{arcsinh}x,$$ ,

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Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{arccsch}z$: inverse hyperbolic cosecant function, $\mathrm{arcsinh}z$: inverse hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

4.6.46 (modified. The first printing had an error.)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.40.E14

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See also:

Annotations for §4.40(iv), §4.40 and Ch.4

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8: 22.10 Maclaurin Series

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22.10.7 $$\mathrm{sn}(z,k)=\tanh z-\frac{k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2}{4}(z-\sinh z\cosh z){\mathrm{sech}}^{2}z+O\left(k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^4\right),$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\mathrm{sn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\mathrm{sech}z$: hyperbolic secant function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

16.15.1

Referenced by:

§22.10(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.10.E7

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §22.10(ii), §22.10 and Ch.22

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22.10.8 $$\mathrm{cn}(z,k)=\mathrm{sech}z+\frac{k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2}{4}(z-\sinh z\cosh z)\tanh z\mathrm{sech}z+O\left(k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^4\right),$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\mathrm{cn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\mathrm{sech}z$: hyperbolic secant function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

16.15.2

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.10.E8

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §22.10(ii), §22.10 and Ch.22

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22.10.9 $$\mathrm{dn}(z,k)=\mathrm{sech}z+\frac{k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2}{4}(z+\sinh z\cosh z)\tanh z\mathrm{sech}z+O\left(k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^4\right).$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\mathrm{sech}z$: hyperbolic secant function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

16.15.3

Referenced by:

§22.10(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.10.E9

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §22.10(ii), §22.10 and Ch.22

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9: 14.25 Integral Representations

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14.25.1 $$P_{\nu }^{-\mu }\left(z\right)=\frac{{\left(z^2-1\right)}^{\mu /2}}{2^{\nu }\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu -\nu \right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +1\right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(\sinh t)}^{2\nu +1}}{{(z+\cosh t)}^{\nu +\mu +1}}dt,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\mu >\mathrm{\Re }\nu >-1$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the first kind, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $z$: complex variable, $\mu$: general order and $\nu$: general degree

Referenced by:

§14.25

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.25.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §14.25 and Ch.14

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14.25.2 $${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)=\frac{{\pi }^{1/2}{\left(z^2-1\right)}^{\mu /2}}{2^{\mu }\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu +\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu -\mu +1\right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(\sinh t)}^{2\mu }}{{\left(z+{(z^2-1)}^{1/2}\cosh t\right)}^{\nu +\mu +1}}dt,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\left(\nu +1\right)>\mathrm{\Re }\mu >-\frac{1}{2}$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: Olver’s associated Legendre function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $z$: complex variable, $\mu$: general order and $\nu$: general degree

Referenced by:

§14.25

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.25.E2

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §14.25 and Ch.14

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10: 4.29 Graphics

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§4.29(i) Real Arguments

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Figure 4.29.1: $\sinh x$ and $\cosh x$. Magnify

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§4.29(ii) Complex Arguments

►The conformal mapping $w=\sinh z$ is obtainable from Figure 4.15.7 by rotating both the $w$-plane and the $z$-plane through an angle $\frac{1}{2}\pi$, compare (4.28.8). ►The surfaces for the complex hyperbolic and inverse hyperbolic functions are similar to the surfaces depicted in §4.15(iii) for the trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions. …