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13 Confluent Hypergeometric FunctionsKummer Functions

§13.4 Integral Representations

Contents
  1. §13.4(i) Integrals Along the Real Line
  2. §13.4(ii) Contour Integrals
  3. §13.4(iii) Mellin–Barnes Integrals

§13.4(i) Integrals Along the Real Line

13.4.1 𝐌⁡(a,b,z)=1Γ⁡(a)⁢Γ⁡(b−a)⁢∫01ez⁢t⁢ta−1⁢(1−t)b−a−1⁢dt,
ℜ⁡b>ℜ⁡a>0,
13.4.2 𝐌⁡(a,b,z)=1Γ⁡(b−c)⁢∫01𝐌⁡(a,c,z⁢t)⁢tc−1⁢(1−t)b−c−1⁢dt,
ℜ⁡b>ℜ⁡c>0,
13.4.3 𝐌⁡(a,b,−z)=z12−12⁢bΓ⁡(a)⁢∫0∞e−t⁢ta−12⁢b−12⁢Jb−1⁡(2⁢z⁢t)⁢dt,
ℜ⁡a>0.

For the function Jb−1 see §10.2(ii).

13.4.4 U⁡(a,b,z)=1Γ⁡(a)⁢∫0∞e−z⁢t⁢ta−1⁢(1+t)b−a−1⁢dt,
ℜ⁡a>0, |ph⁡z|<12⁢π,
13.4.5 U⁡(a,b,z)=z1−aΓ⁡(a)⁢Γ⁡(1+a−b)⁢∫0∞U⁡(b−a,b,t)⁢e−t⁢ta−1t+z⁢dt,
|ph⁡z|<π, ℜ⁡a>max⁡(ℜ⁡b−1,0),
13.4.6 U⁡(a,b,z)=(−1)n⁢z1−b−nΓ⁡(1+a−b)⁢∫0∞𝐌⁡(b−a,b,t)⁢e−t⁢tb+n−1t+z⁢dt,
|ph⁡z|<π, n=0,1,2,…, −ℜ⁡b<n<1+ℜ⁡(a−b),
13.4.7 U⁡(a,b,z)=2⁢z12−12⁢bΓ⁡(a)⁢Γ⁡(a−b+1)⁢∫0∞e−t⁢ta−12⁢b−12⁢Kb−1⁡(2⁢z⁢t)⁢dt,
ℜ⁡a>max⁡(ℜ⁡b−1,0),
13.4.8 U⁡(a,b,z)=zc−a⁢∫0∞e−z⁢t⁢tc−1⁢𝐅12⁡(a,a−b+1;c;−t)⁢dt,
|ph⁡z|<12⁢π,

where c is arbitrary, ℜ⁡c>0. For the functions Kb−1 and 𝐅12 see §10.25(ii) and §§15.1, 15.2(i).

§13.4(ii) Contour Integrals

13.4.9 𝐌⁡(a,b,z)=Γ⁡(1+a−b)2⁢π⁢i⁢Γ⁡(a)⁢∫0(1+)ez⁢t⁢ta−1⁢(t−1)b−a−1⁢dt,
b−a≠1,2,3,…, ℜ⁡a>0.
13.4.10 𝐌⁡(a,b,z)=e−a⁢π⁢i⁢Γ⁡(1−a)2⁢π⁢i⁢Γ⁡(b−a)⁢∫1(0+)ez⁢t⁢ta−1⁢(1−t)b−a−1⁢dt,
a≠1,2,3,…, ℜ⁡(b−a)>0.
See accompanying text
Figure 13.4.1: Contour of integration in (13.4.11). (Compare Figure 5.12.3.) Magnify
13.4.11 𝐌⁡(a,b,z)=e−b⁢π⁢i⁢Γ⁡(1−a)⁢Γ⁡(1+a−b)⁢14⁢π2×∫α(0+,1+,0−,1−)ez⁢t⁢ta−1⁢(1−t)b−a−1⁢dt,
a,b−a≠1,2,3,….

The contour of integration starts and terminates at a point α on the real axis between 0 and 1. It encircles t=0 and t=1 once in the positive sense, and then once in the negative sense. See Figure 13.4.1. The fractional powers are continuous and assume their principal values at t=α. Similar conventions also apply to the remaining integrals in this subsection.

13.4.12 𝐌⁡(a,c,z)=Γ⁡(b)2⁢π⁢i⁢z1−b⁢∫−∞(0+,1+)ez⁢t⁢t−b⁢𝐅12⁡(a,b;c;1/t)⁢dt,
b≠0,−1,−2,…, |ph⁡z|<12⁢π.

At the point where the contour crosses the interval (1,∞), t−b and the 𝐅12 function assume their principal values; compare §§15.1 and 15.2(i). A special case is

13.4.13 𝐌⁡(a,b,z)=z1−b2⁢π⁢i⁢∫−∞(0+,1+)ez⁢t⁢t−b⁢(1−1t)−a⁢dt,
|ph⁡z|<12⁢π.
13.4.14 U⁡(a,b,z)=e−a⁢π⁢i⁢Γ⁡(1−a)2⁢π⁢i⁢∫∞(0+)e−z⁢t⁢ta−1⁢(1+t)b−a−1⁢dt,
a≠1,2,3,…, |ph⁡z|<12⁢π.

The contour cuts the real axis between −1 and 0. At this point the fractional powers are determined by ph⁡t=π and ph⁡(1+t)=0.

Again, t−c and the 𝐅12 function assume their principal values where the contour (see Figure 5.9.1) intersects the positive real axis.

§13.4(iii) Mellin–Barnes Integrals

If a≠0,−1,−2,…, then

13.4.16 𝐌⁡(a,b,−z)=12⁢π⁢i⁢Γ⁡(a)⁢∫−i⁢∞i⁢∞Γ⁡(a+t)⁢Γ⁡(−t)Γ⁡(b+t)⁢zt⁢dt,
|ph⁡z|<12⁢π,

where the contour of integration separates the poles of Γ⁡(a+t) from those of Γ⁡(−t).

If a and a−b+1≠0,−1,−2,…, then

13.4.17 U⁡(a,b,z)=z−a2⁢π⁢i⁢∫−i⁢∞i⁢∞Γ⁡(a+t)⁢Γ⁡(1+a−b+t)⁢Γ⁡(−t)Γ⁡(a)⁢Γ⁡(1+a−b)⁢z−t⁢dt,
|ph⁡z|<32⁢π,

where the contour of integration separates the poles of Γ⁡(a+t)⁢Γ⁡(1+a−b+t) from those of Γ⁡(−t).

13.4.18 U⁡(a,b,z)=z1−b⁢ez2⁢π⁢i⁢∫−i⁢∞i⁢∞Γ⁡(b−1+t)⁢Γ⁡(t)Γ⁡(a+t)⁢z−t⁢dt,
|ph⁡z|<12⁢π,

where the contour of integration passes all the poles of Γ⁡(b−1+t)⁢Γ⁡(t) on the right-hand side.