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11: Bibliography M

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On the choice of standard solutions for a homogeneous linear differential equation of the second order. Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 3 (2), pp. 225–235.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (W. R. Wasow), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§12.2(vi), §2.7(iv), §2.7(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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On the choice of standard solutions to Weber’s equation. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 48, pp. 428–435.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (W. Wasow), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§12.1, §12.14(i), §12.2(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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12: 9.12 Scorer Functions

… ►Standard particular solutions are …

13: 2.7 Differential Equations

… ►In consequence, if a differential equation has more than one singularity in the extended plane, then usually more than two standard solutions need to be chosen in order to have numerically satisfactory representations everywhere. …

14: Errata

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The following additions were made in Chapter 18:

• In Subsection 18.2(i), Equation (18.2.1_5); the paragraph title “Orthogonality on Finite Point Sets” has been changed to “Orthogonality on Countable Sets”, and there are minor changes in the presentation of the final paragraph, including a new equation (18.2.4_5). The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iii) has changed, Equation (18.2.5_5) was added and an extra paragraph on standardizations has been included. The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iv) has changed and it has been expanded with two extra paragraphs and several new equations, (18.2.9_5), (18.2.11_1)–(18.2.11_9). Subsections 18.2(v) (with (18.2.12_5), (18.2.14)–(18.2.17)) and 18.2(vi) (with (18.2.17)–(18.2.20)) have been expanded. New subsections, 18.2(vii)–18.2(xii), with Equations (18.2.21)–(18.2.46),

• A new introduction, minor changes in the presentation, and three new paragraphs.

• Extra details for Chebyshev polynomials, and Equations (18.5.4_5), (18.5.11_1)–(18.5.11_4), (18.5.17_5).

• Line numbers and two extra rows were added to Table 18.8.1.

• Subsection 18.9(i) has been expanded, and 18.9(iii) has some additional explanation. Equations (18.9.2_1), (18.9.2_2), (18.9.18_5) and Table 18.9.2 were added.

• Three extra generating functions, (18.12.2_5), (18.12.3_5), (18.12.17).

• Equation (18.14.3_5). New subsection, 18.14(iv), with Equations (18.14.25)–(18.14.27).

• Equation (18.15.4_5).

• The title of Subsection 18.16(iii) was changed from “Ultraspherical and Legendre” to “Ultraspherical, Legendre and Chebyshev”. New subsection, 18.16(vii) Discriminants, with Equations (18.16.19)–(18.16.21).

• Extra explanatory text at many places and seven extra integrals (18.17.16_5), (18.17.21_1)–(18.17.21_3), (18.17.28_5), (18.17.34_5), (18.17.41_5).

• Extra explanatory text at several places and the title of Subsection 18.18(iv) was changed from “Connection Formulas” to “Connection and Inversion Formulas”.

• A new introduction.

• Equation (18.21.13).

• Extra explanatory text in Subsection 18.25(i) and the title of Subsection 18.25(ii) was changed from “Weights and Normalizations: Continuous Cases” to “Weights and Standardizations: Continuous Cases”.

• In Subsection 18.26(i) an extra paragraph on dualities has been included, with Equations (18.26.4_1), (18.26.4_2).

• Extra text at the start of this section and twenty seven extra formulas, (18.27.4_1), (18.27.4_2), (18.27.6_5), (18.27.9_5), (18.27.12_5), (18.27.14_1)–(18.27.14_6), (18.27.17_1)–(18.27.17_3), (18.27.20_5), (18.27.25), (18.27.26), (18.28.1_5).

• A big expansion. Six extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(ii) ((18.28.6_1)–(18.28.6_5)) and three extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(viii) ((18.28.21)–(18.28.23)). New subsections, 18.28(ix)–18.28(xi), with Equations (18.28.23)–(18.28.34).

• Originally this section did not have subsections. The original seven formulas have now more explanatory text and are split over two subsections. New subsections 18.30(iii)–18.30(viii), with Equations (18.30.8)–(18.30.31).

• This short section has been expanded, with Equation (18.32.2).

• Additional references and a new large subsection, 18.33(vi), including Equations (18.33.17)–(18.33.32).

• This section has been expanded, including an extra orthogonality relations (18.34.5_5), (18.34.7_1)–(18.34.7_3).

• This section on Pollaczek polynomials has been significantly updated with much more explanations and as well to include the Pollaczek polynomials of type 3 which are the most general with three free parameters. The Pollaczek polynomials which were previously treated, namely those of type 1 and type 2 are special cases of the type 3 Pollaczek polynomials. In the first paragraph of this section an extensive description of the relations between the three types of Pollaczek polynomials is given which was lacking previously. Equations (18.35.0_5), (18.35.2_1)–(18.35.2_5), (18.35.4_5), (18.35.6_1)–(18.35.6_6), (18.35.10).

• This section on miscellaneous polynomials has been expanded with new subsections, 18.36(v) on non-classical Laguerre polynomials and 18.36(vi) with examples of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, with Equations (18.36.1)–(18.36.10). In the titles of Subsections 18.36(ii) and 18.36(iii) we replaced “OP’s” by “Orthogonal Polynomials”.

• The paragraphs of Subsection 18.38(i) have been re-ordered and one paragraph was added. The title of Subsection 18.38(ii) was changed from “Classical OP’s: Other Applications” to “Classical OP’s: Mathematical Developments and Applications”. Subsection 18.38(iii) has been expanded with seven new paragraphs, and Equations (18.38.4)–(18.38.11).

• This section was completely rewritten. The previous 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics has been replaced by Subsections 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics and 18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom, containing the same essential information; the original content of the subsection is reproduced below for reference. Subsection 18.39(ii) was moved to 18.39(v) Other Applications. New subsections, 18.39(iii) Non Classical Weight Functions of Utility in DVR Method in the Physical Sciences, 18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods; Equations (18.39.7)–(18.39.48); and Figures 18.39.1, 18.39.2.

  The original text of 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics was:

  “Classical OP’s appear when the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by separation of variables. Consider, for example, the one-dimensional form of this equation for a particle of mass $m$ with potential energy $V(x)$:

  errata.1 $$\left(\frac{-{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}{2m}\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial x}^2}+V(x)\right)\psi (x,t)=i\mathrm{\hslash }\frac{\partial }{\partial t}\psi (x,t),$$

  where $\mathrm{\hslash }$ is the reduced Planck’s constant. On substituting $\psi (x,t)=\eta (x)\zeta (t)$, we obtain two ordinary differential equations, each of which involve the same constant $E$. The equation for $\eta (x)$ is

  errata.2 $$\frac{d^2\eta }{{dx}^2}+\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(x)\right)\eta =0.$$

  For a harmonic oscillator, the potential energy is given by

  errata.3 $$V(x)=\frac{1}{2}m{\omega }^2{x}^2,$$

  where $\omega$ is the angular frequency. For (18.39.2) to have a nontrivial bounded solution in the interval , the constant $E$ (the total energy of the particle) must satisfy

  errata.4 $$E=E_n=\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\hslash }\omega ,$$ $n=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

  The corresponding eigenfunctions are

  errata.5 $${\eta }_n(x)={\pi }^{-\frac{1}{4}}{2}^{-\frac{1}{2}n}{(n!b)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}{H}_n\left(x/b\right){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2/2b^2},$$

  where $b={(\mathrm{\hslash }/m\omega )}^{1/2}$, and $H_n$ is the Hermite polynomial. For further details, see Seaborn (1991, p. 224) or Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 71-72).

  A second example is provided by the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation

  errata.6 $${\nabla }^2\psi +\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(𝐱)\right)\psi =0,$$

  when this is solved by separation of variables in spherical coordinates (§1.5(ii)). The eigenfunctions of one of the separated ordinary differential equations are Legendre polynomials. See Seaborn (1991, pp. 69-75).

  For a third example, one in which the eigenfunctions are Laguerre polynomials, see Seaborn (1991, pp. 87-93) and Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 76-80 and 320-323).”

• The old section is now Subsection 18.40(i) and a large new subsection, 18.40(ii), on the classical moment problem has been added, with formulae (18.40.1)–(18.40.10) and Figures 18.40.1, 18.40.2.

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13.2.7 $$U(-m,b,z)={(-1)}^m{\left(b\right)}_{m}M(-m,b,z)={(-1)}^m\sum _{s=0}^m\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{s}\right){\left(b+s\right)}_{m-s}{(-z)}^s$$

The equality $U(-m,b,z)={(-1)}^m{\left(b\right)}_{m}M(-m,b,z)$ has been added to the original equation to express an explicit connection between the two standard solutions of Kummer’s equation. Note also that the notation $a=-n$ has been changed to $a=-m$.

Reported 2015-02-10 by Adri Olde Daalhuis.

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13.2.8 $$U(a,a+n+1,z)=\frac{{(-1)}^n{\left(1-a-n\right)}_n}{z^{a+n}}M(-n,1-a-n,z)=z^{-a}\sum _{s=0}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{s}\right){\left(a\right)}_s{z}^{-s}$$

The equality $U(a,a+n+1,z)=\frac{{(-1)}^n{\left(1-a-n\right)}_n}{z^{a+n}}M(-n,1-a-n,z)$ has been added to the original equation to express an explicit connection between the two standard solutions of Kummer’s equation.

Reported 2015-02-10 by Adri Olde Daalhuis.

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13.2.10 $$U(-m,n+1,z)={(-1)}^m{\left(n+1\right)}_{m}M(-m,n+1,z)={(-1)}^m\sum _{s=0}^m\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{s}\right){\left(n+s+1\right)}_{m-s}{(-z)}^s$$

The equality $U(-m,n+1,z)={(-1)}^m{\left(n+1\right)}_{m}M(-m,n+1,z)$ has been added to the original equation to express an explicit connection between the two standard solutions of Kummer’s equation. Note also that the notation $a=-m,m=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$ has been introduced.

Reported 2015-02-10 by Adri Olde Daalhuis.

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15: Bibliography O

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Numerical solution of second-order linear difference equations. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 71B, pp. 111–129.

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External Links:

MathReview (G. N. Lance), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.6(iv), §3.6(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Bounds for the solutions of second-order linear difference equations. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 71B (4), pp. 161–166.

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External Links:

MathReview (C. W. Clenshaw), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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16: Daniel W. Lozier

… … ►Army Engineer Research and Development Laboratory in Virginia on finite-difference solutions of differential equations associated with nuclear weapons effects. Then he transferred to NIST (then known as the National Bureau of Standards), where he collaborated for several years with the Building and Fire Research Laboratory developing and applying finite-difference and spectral methods to differential equation models of fire growth. …

17: Browsers

… ►Thus, we are now using the new (almost-)standard for HTML, HTML5, as the primary format for our web content. … ►If none of those solutions work for you, you may explicitly choose a format such as HTML+images, using images for mathematics, at Customize DLMF. Although we have attempted to follow standards and maintain backwards compatibility with older browsers, you will generally get the best results by upgrading to the latest version of your preferred browser.

18: Bibliography S

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Error bounds for asymptotic solutions of differential equations. I. The distinct eigenvalue case. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 70B, pp. 167–186.

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External Links:

MathReview (F. W. J. Olver), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Error bounds for asymptotic solutions of differential equations. II. The general case. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 70B, pp. 187–210.

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External Links:

MathReview (F. W. J. Olver), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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19: Bibliography L

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Numerical Solution of Linear Difference Equations. NBSIR Technical Report 80-1976, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

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Notes:

(Available from National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.)

Referenced by:

§16.25, §3.6(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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20: 28.2 Definitions and Basic Properties

… ►The standard form of Mathieu’s equation with parameters $(a,q)$ is ►

28.2.1 $$w^{\prime \prime }+(a-2q\cos \left(2z\right))w=0.$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

A&S Ref:

20.3.1 20.1.1 (in slightly different form)

Referenced by:

§1.18(vii), Figure 28.17.1, Figure 28.17.1, §28.17, §28.17, §28.2(ii), §28.2(ii), §28.2(iii), §28.2(iv), §28.20(i), §28.29(i), §28.32(i), §28.32(i), 1st item, 2nd item, §28.33(iii), item (a), item (c), item (c), §28.5(i), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv), §30.2(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.2.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.2(i), §28.2 and Ch.28

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