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solutions of confluent forms

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1: 31.13 Asymptotic Approximations
For asymptotic approximations of the solutions of Heun’s equation (31.2.1) when two singularities are close together, see Lay and Slavyanov (1999). For asymptotic approximations of the solutions of confluent forms of Heun’s equation in the neighborhood of irregular singularities, see Komarov et al. (1976), Ronveaux (1995, Parts B,C,D,E), Bogush and Otchik (1997), Slavyanov and Veshev (1997), and Lay et al. (1998).
2: 31.12 Confluent Forms of Heun’s Equation
§31.12 Confluent Forms of Heun’s Equation
Confluent forms of Heun’s differential equation (31.2.1) arise when two or more of the regular singularities merge to form an irregular singularity. … This has regular singularities at z = 0 and 1 , and an irregular singularity of rank 1 at z = . Mathieu functions (Chapter 28), spheroidal wave functions (Chapter 30), and Coulomb spheroidal functions (§30.12) are special cases of solutions of the confluent Heun equation. …
3: 31.10 Integral Equations and Representations
4: 13.27 Mathematical Applications
§13.27 Mathematical Applications
Confluent hypergeometric functions are connected with representations of the group of third-order triangular matrices. The elements of this group are of the form … …
5: Bibliography D
  • C. de la Vallée Poussin (1896b) Recherches analytiques sur la théorie des nombres premiers. Deuxième partie. Les fonctions de Dirichlet et les nombres premiers de la forme linéaire M x + N . Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 20, pp. 281–397 (French).
  • A. Decarreau, M.-Cl. Dumont-Lepage, P. Maroni, A. Robert, and A. Ronveaux (1978a) Formes canoniques des équations confluentes de l’équation de Heun. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles Sér. I 92 (1-2), pp. 53–78.
  • A. Decarreau, P. Maroni, and A. Robert (1978b) Sur les équations confluentes de l’équation de Heun. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles Sér. I 92 (3), pp. 151–189.
  • K. Dilcher (2002) Bernoulli Numbers and Confluent Hypergeometric Functions. In Number Theory for the Millennium, I (Urbana, IL, 2000), pp. 343–363.
  • T. M. Dunster (1989) Uniform asymptotic expansions for Whittaker’s confluent hypergeometric functions. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 20 (3), pp. 744–760.
  • 6: 13.2 Definitions and Basic Properties
    Standard Solutions
    Although M ( a , b , z ) does not exist when b = n , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , , many formulas containing M ( a , b , z ) continue to apply in their limiting form. … Another standard solution of (13.2.1) is U ( a , b , z ) , which is determined uniquely by the property …
    §13.2(v) Numerically Satisfactory Solutions
    7: 13.29 Methods of Computation
    However, this accuracy can be increased considerably by use of the exponentially-improved forms of expansion supplied by the combination of (13.7.10) and (13.7.11), or by use of the hyperasymptotic expansions given in Olde Daalhuis and Olver (1995a). … For M ( a , b , z ) and M κ , μ ( z ) this means that in the sector | ph z | π we may integrate along outward rays from the origin with initial values obtained from (13.2.2) and (13.14.2). … The recurrence relations in §§13.3(i) and 13.15(i) can be used to compute the confluent hypergeometric functions in an efficient way. … with recessive solutionwith recessive solution
    8: 33.23 Methods of Computation
    §33.23(i) Methods for the Confluent Hypergeometric Functions
    §33.23(ii) Series Solutions
    The power-series expansions of §§33.6 and 33.19 converge for all finite values of the radii ρ and r , respectively, and may be used to compute the regular and irregular solutions. … This implies decreasing for the regular solutions and increasing for the irregular solutions of §§33.2(iii) and 33.14(iii). … Noble (2004) obtains double-precision accuracy for W η , μ ( 2 ρ ) for a wide range of parameters using a combination of recurrence techniques, power-series expansions, and numerical quadrature; compare (33.2.7). …
    9: 33.2 Definitions and Basic Properties
    §33.2(i) Coulomb Wave Equation
    The function F ( η , ρ ) is recessive (§2.7(iii)) at ρ = 0 , and is defined by …where M κ , μ ( z ) and M ( a , b , z ) are defined in §§13.14(i) and 13.2(i), and … The normalizing constant C ( η ) is always positive, and has the alternative formwhere W κ , μ ( z ) , U ( a , b , z ) are defined in §§13.14(i) and 13.2(i), …
    10: 13.14 Definitions and Basic Properties
    Standard Solutions
    Although M κ , μ ( z ) does not exist when 2 μ = 1 , 2 , 3 , , many formulas containing M κ , μ ( z ) continue to apply in their limiting form. …
    §13.14(iii) Limiting Forms as z 0
    §13.14(iv) Limiting Forms as z
    §13.14(v) Numerically Satisfactory Solutions