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1: 6.2 Definitions and Interrelations

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§6.2(ii) Sine and Cosine Integrals

… ► $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$ is an odd entire function. … ►

6.2.17 $$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)=\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)\sin z-\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)\cos z,$$

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Defines:

$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for sine and cosine integrals

Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral, $\sin z$: sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

5.2.6

Referenced by:

§6.4, §6.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.2.E17

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.2(iii), §6.2 and Ch.6

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6.2.19 $$\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}\pi -\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)\cos z-\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)\sin z,$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\sin z$: sine function, $\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for sine and cosine integrals, $\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for sine and cosine integrals, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

5.2.8

Referenced by:

§6.12(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.2.E19

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.2(iii), §6.2 and Ch.6

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${\displaystyle \frac{d\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)}{dz}}=-\mathrm{g}\left(z\right),$

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2: 8.21 Generalized Sine and Cosine Integrals

§8.21 Generalized Sine and Cosine Integrals

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$\mathrm{si}(0,z)=-\mathrm{si}\left(z\right),$

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8.21.11 $$\mathrm{Si}(0,z)=\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Si}(a,z)$: generalized sine integral, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§8.21(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.21.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.21(v), §8.21 and Ch.8

… ►For the corresponding expansions for $\mathrm{si}(a,z)$ and $\mathrm{ci}(a,z)$ apply (8.21.20) and (8.21.21).

3: 6.1 Special Notation

… ►Unless otherwise noted, primes indicate derivatives with respect to the argument. ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the exponential integrals $\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$, $E_1\left(z\right)$, and $\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)$; the logarithmic integral $\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)$; the sine integrals $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$ and $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$; the cosine integrals $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$ and $\mathrm{Cin}\left(z\right)$.

4: 6.21 Software

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§6.21(ii) $E_1\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Si}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Shi}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Chi}\left(x\right)$, $x\in ℝ$

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§6.21(iii) $E_1\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{Shi}\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{Chi}\left(z\right)$, $z\in ℂ$

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5: 6.5 Further Interrelations

§6.5 Further Interrelations

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6.5.3 $$\frac{1}{2}(\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)+E_1\left(x\right))=\mathrm{Shi}\left(x\right)=-\mathrm{i}\mathrm{Si}\left(\mathrm{i}x\right),$$

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Symbols:

$E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{Shi}\left(z\right)$: hyperbolic sine integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

5.2.22 (in modified form)

Referenced by:

§6.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.5.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.5 and Ch.6

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6.5.5 $$\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{i}(E_1\left(-\mathrm{i}z\right)-E_1\left(\mathrm{i}z\right))+\frac{1}{2}\pi ,$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

5.2.21

Referenced by:

§6.12(ii), §6.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.5.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.5 and Ch.6

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6.5.7 $$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)\pm \mathrm{i}\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)=E_1\left(\mp \mathrm{i}z\right){\mathrm{e}}^{\mp \mathrm{i}z}.$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for sine and cosine integrals, $\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for sine and cosine integrals and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.11, §6.5, §6.7(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.5.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.5 and Ch.6

6: 6.14 Integrals

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§6.14(i) Laplace Transforms

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6.14.3 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-at}\mathrm{si}\left(t\right)dt=-\frac{1}{a}\arctan a,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$.

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Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\arctan z$: arctangent function, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral

A&S Ref:

5.2.29

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.14.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.14(i), §6.14 and Ch.6

►

§6.14(ii) Other Integrals

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6.14.6 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{Ci}}^2\left(t\right)dt={\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{si}}^2\left(t\right)dt=\frac{1}{2}\pi ,$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral

A&S Ref:

5.2.31

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.14.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.14(ii), §6.14 and Ch.6

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6.14.7 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\mathrm{Ci}\left(t\right)\mathrm{si}\left(t\right)dt=\ln 2.$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral

A&S Ref:

5.2.32

Referenced by:

§6.14(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.14.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.14(ii), §6.14 and Ch.6

…

7: 6.19 Tables

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§6.19(ii) Real Variables

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Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 5) includes $x^{-1}\mathrm{Si}\left(x\right)$, $-x^{-2}\mathrm{Cin}\left(x\right)$, $x^{-1}\mathrm{Ein}\left(x\right)$, $-x^{-1}\mathrm{Ein}\left(-x\right)$, $x=0(.01)0.5$; $\mathrm{Si}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$, $E_1\left(x\right)$, $x=0.5(.01)2$; $\mathrm{Si}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(x\right)$, $x{\mathrm{e}}^{-x}\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$, $x{\mathrm{e}}^x{E}_1\left(x\right)$, $x=2(.1)10$; $x\mathrm{f}\left(x\right)$, $x^2\mathrm{g}\left(x\right)$, $x{\mathrm{e}}^{-x}\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$, $x{\mathrm{e}}^x{E}_1\left(x\right)$, $x^{-1}=0(.005)0.1$; $\mathrm{Si}\left(\pi x\right)$, $\mathrm{Cin}\left(\pi x\right)$, $x=0(.1)10$. Accuracy varies but is within the range 8S–11S.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 652, 689) includes $\mathrm{Si}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(x\right)$, $x=0(.5)20(2)30$, 8D; $\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$, $E_1\left(x\right)$, $x=[0,100]$, 8S.

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8: 6.20 Approximations

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Hastings (1955) gives several minimax polynomial and rational approximations for $E_1\left(x\right)+\ln x$, $x{\mathrm{e}}^x{E}_1\left(x\right)$, and the auxiliary functions $\mathrm{f}\left(x\right)$ and $\mathrm{g}\left(x\right)$. These are included in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Ch. 5).

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MacLeod (1996b) provides rational approximations for the sine and cosine integrals and for the auxiliary functions $\mathrm{f}$ and $\mathrm{g}$, with accuracies up to 20S.

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Luke and Wimp (1963) covers $\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$ for $x\le -4$ (20D), and $\mathrm{Si}\left(x\right)$ and $\mathrm{Ci}\left(x\right)$ for $x\ge 4$ (20D).

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Luke (1969b, pp. 41–42) gives Chebyshev expansions of $\mathrm{Ein}\left(ax\right)$, $\mathrm{Si}\left(ax\right)$, and $\mathrm{Cin}\left(ax\right)$ for $-1\le x\le 1$, $a\in ℂ$. The coefficients are given in terms of series of Bessel functions.

… ►

Luke (1969b, pp. 402, 410, and 415–421) gives main diagonal Padé approximations for $\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{Cin}\left(z\right)$ (valid near the origin), and $E_1\left(z\right)$ (valid for large $|z|$); approximate errors are given for a selection of $z$-values.

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9: 6.15 Sums

§6.15 Sums

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6.15.2 $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\mathrm{si}\left(\pi n\right)}{n}=\frac{1}{2}\pi (\ln \pi -1),$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.15.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.15 and Ch.6

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6.15.4 $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^n\frac{\mathrm{si}\left(2\pi n\right)}{n}=\pi (\frac{3}{2}\ln 2-1).$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.15.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.15 and Ch.6

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10: 6.11 Relations to Other Functions

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6.11.2 $$E_1\left(z\right)={\mathrm{e}}^{-z}U(1,1,z),$$

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Symbols:

$U(a,b,z)$: Kummer confluent hypergeometric function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.11, 5th item, §6.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.11.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.11, §6.11 and Ch.6

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6.11.3 $$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)+\mathrm{i}\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)=U(1,1,-\mathrm{i}z).$$

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Symbols:

$U(a,b,z)$: Kummer confluent hypergeometric function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for sine and cosine integrals, $\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for sine and cosine integrals and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.11, 5th item

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.11.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.11, §6.11 and Ch.6