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1: 31.6 Path-Multiplicative Solutions
§31.6 Path-Multiplicative Solutions
A further extension of the notation (31.4.1) and (31.4.3) is given by …This denotes a set of solutions of (31.2.1) with the property that if we pass around a simple closed contour in the z -plane that encircles s 1 and s 2 once in the positive sense, but not the remaining finite singularity, then the solution is multiplied by a constant factor e 2 ν π i . These solutions are called path-multiplicative. …
2: 31.9 Orthogonality
and the integration paths 1 , 2 are Pochhammer double-loop contours encircling distinct pairs of singularities { 0 , 1 } , { 0 , a } , { 1 , a } . … For bi-orthogonal relations for path-multiplicative solutions see Schmidt (1979, §2.2). …
3: 31.11 Expansions in Series of Hypergeometric Functions
Let w ( z ) be any Fuchs–Frobenius solution of Heun’s equation. …The Fuchs-Frobenius solutions at are … Such series diverge for Fuchs–Frobenius solutions. …
§31.11(v) Doubly-Infinite Series
Schmidt (1979) gives expansions of path-multiplicative solutions31.6) in terms of doubly-infinite series of hypergeometric functions. …
4: 31.10 Integral Equations and Representations
If w ( z ) is a solution of Heun’s equation, then another solution W ( z ) (possibly a multiple of w ( z ) ) can be represented as …
Kernel Functions
For suitable choices of the branches of the P -symbols in (31.10.9) and the contour C , we can obtain both integral equations satisfied by Heun functions, as well as the integral representations of a distinct solution of Heun’s equation in terms of a Heun function (polynomial, path-multiplicative solution). … If w ( z ) is a solution of Heun’s equation, then another solution W ( z ) (possibly a multiple of w ( z ) ) can be represented as …
Kernel Functions
5: 27.15 Chinese Remainder Theorem
The Chinese remainder theorem states that a system of congruences x a 1 ( mod m 1 ) , , x a k ( mod m k ) , always has a solution if the moduli are relatively prime in pairs; the solution is unique (mod m ), where m is the product of the moduli. … Their product m has 20 digits, twice the number of digits in the data. …These numbers, in turn, are combined by the Chinese remainder theorem to obtain the final result ( mod m ) , which is correct to 20 digits. …
6: 20 Theta Functions
Chapter 20 Theta Functions
7: 32.8 Rational Solutions
§32.8 Rational Solutions
Special rational solutions of P III  are … These solutions have the form … These rational solutions have the form …
8: Sidebar 21.SB2: A two-phase solution of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (21.9.3)
Sidebar 21.SB2: A two-phase solution of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (21.9.3)
A two-phase solution of the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (21.9.3). Such a solution is given in terms of a Riemann theta function with two phases. …The agreement of these solutions with two-dimensional surface water waves in shallow water was considered in Hammack et al. (1989, 1995).
9: Bibliography O
  • A. B. Olde Daalhuis and F. W. J. Olver (1995a) Hyperasymptotic solutions of second-order linear differential equations. I. Methods Appl. Anal. 2 (2), pp. 173–197.
  • A. B. Olde Daalhuis and F. W. J. Olver (1998) On the asymptotic and numerical solution of linear ordinary differential equations. SIAM Rev. 40 (3), pp. 463–495.
  • J. Oliver (1977) An error analysis of the modified Clenshaw method for evaluating Chebyshev and Fourier series. J. Inst. Math. Appl. 20 (3), pp. 379–391.
  • S. Olver (2011) Numerical solution of Riemann-Hilbert problems: Painlevé II. Found. Comput. Math. 11 (2), pp. 153–179.
  • A. M. Ostrowski (1973) Solution of Equations in Euclidean and Banach Spaces. Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 9, Academic Press, New York-London.
  • 10: 15.10 Hypergeometric Differential Equation
    §15.10(i) Fundamental Solutions
    §15.10(ii) Kummer’s 24 Solutions and Connection Formulas
    The three pairs of fundamental solutions given by (15.10.2), (15.10.4), and (15.10.6) can be transformed into 18 other solutions by means of (15.8.1), leading to a total of 24 solutions known as Kummer’s solutions. … The ( 6 3 ) = 20 connection formulas for the principal branches of Kummer’s solutions are: …