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1: 3.4 Differentiation

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§3.4(iii) Partial Derivatives

… ► … ►The results in this subsection for the partial derivatives follow from Panow (1955, Table 10). Those for the Laplacian and the biharmonic operator follow from the formulas for the partial derivatives. … ►

2: 10.73 Physical Applications

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10.73.1 $${\nabla }^{2}V=\frac{1}{r}\frac{\partial }{\partial r}\left(r\frac{\partial V}{\partial r}\right)+\frac{1}{r^2}\frac{{\partial }^{2}V}{{\partial \varphi }^2}+\frac{{\partial }^{2}V}{{\partial z}^2}=0,$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ and $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.73.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.73(i), §10.73 and Ch.10

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10.73.2 $${\nabla }^2\psi =\frac{1}{c^2}\frac{{\partial }^2\psi }{{\partial t}^2},$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ and $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.73.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.73(i), §10.73 and Ch.10

… ►See Krivoshlykov (1994, Chapter 2, §2.2.10; Chapter 5, §5.2.2), Kapany and Burke (1972, Chapters 4–6; Chapter 7, §A.1), and Slater (1942, Chapter 4, §§20, 25). … ►

10.73.3 $${\nabla }^{4}W+{\lambda }^2\frac{{\partial }^{2}W}{{\partial t}^2}=0.$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ and $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.73.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.73(i), §10.73 and Ch.10

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10.73.4 $$({\nabla }^2+k^2)f=\frac{1}{{\rho }^2}\frac{\partial }{\partial \rho }\left({\rho }^2\frac{\partial f}{\partial \rho }\right)+\frac{1}{{\rho }^2\sin \theta }\frac{\partial }{\partial \theta }\left(\sin \theta \frac{\partial f}{\partial \theta }\right)+\frac{1}{{\rho }^2{\sin }^2\theta }\frac{{\partial }^{2}f}{{\partial \varphi }^2}+k^{2}f.$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\sin z$: sine function and $k$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.73.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.73(ii), §10.73 and Ch.10

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3: 3.8 Nonlinear Equations

… ►For other efficient derivative-free methods, see Le (1985). … ►

3.8.13 $$\frac{dz}{d\alpha }=-\frac{\partial f}{\partial \alpha }/\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}.$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ and $\alpha$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/3.8.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §3.8(vi), §3.8 and Ch.3

… ►Consider $x=20$ and $j=19$. We have $p^{\prime }(20)=19!$ and $a_{19}=1+2+\mathrm{\cdots }+20=210$. … ►

3.8.16 $$\frac{dx}{d{a}_{19}}=-\frac{{20}^{19}}{19!}=(-4.30\mathrm{\dots })\times {10}^7.$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/3.8.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §3.8(vi), §3.8(vi), §3.8 and Ch.3

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4: Errata

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The following additions were made in Chapter 18:

• In Subsection 18.2(i), Equation (18.2.1_5); the paragraph title “Orthogonality on Finite Point Sets” has been changed to “Orthogonality on Countable Sets”, and there are minor changes in the presentation of the final paragraph, including a new equation (18.2.4_5). The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iii) has changed, Equation (18.2.5_5) was added and an extra paragraph on standardizations has been included. The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iv) has changed and it has been expanded with two extra paragraphs and several new equations, (18.2.9_5), (18.2.11_1)–(18.2.11_9). Subsections 18.2(v) (with (18.2.12_5), (18.2.14)–(18.2.17)) and 18.2(vi) (with (18.2.17)–(18.2.20)) have been expanded. New subsections, 18.2(vii)–18.2(xii), with Equations (18.2.21)–(18.2.46),

• A new introduction, minor changes in the presentation, and three new paragraphs.

• Extra details for Chebyshev polynomials, and Equations (18.5.4_5), (18.5.11_1)–(18.5.11_4), (18.5.17_5).

• Line numbers and two extra rows were added to Table 18.8.1.

• Subsection 18.9(i) has been expanded, and 18.9(iii) has some additional explanation. Equations (18.9.2_1), (18.9.2_2), (18.9.18_5) and Table 18.9.2 were added.

• Three extra generating functions, (18.12.2_5), (18.12.3_5), (18.12.17).

• Equation (18.14.3_5). New subsection, 18.14(iv), with Equations (18.14.25)–(18.14.27).

• Equation (18.15.4_5).

• The title of Subsection 18.16(iii) was changed from “Ultraspherical and Legendre” to “Ultraspherical, Legendre and Chebyshev”. New subsection, 18.16(vii) Discriminants, with Equations (18.16.19)–(18.16.21).

• Extra explanatory text at many places and seven extra integrals (18.17.16_5), (18.17.21_1)–(18.17.21_3), (18.17.28_5), (18.17.34_5), (18.17.41_5).

• Extra explanatory text at several places and the title of Subsection 18.18(iv) was changed from “Connection Formulas” to “Connection and Inversion Formulas”.

• A new introduction.

• Equation (18.21.13).

• Extra explanatory text in Subsection 18.25(i) and the title of Subsection 18.25(ii) was changed from “Weights and Normalizations: Continuous Cases” to “Weights and Standardizations: Continuous Cases”.

• In Subsection 18.26(i) an extra paragraph on dualities has been included, with Equations (18.26.4_1), (18.26.4_2).

• Extra text at the start of this section and twenty seven extra formulas, (18.27.4_1), (18.27.4_2), (18.27.6_5), (18.27.9_5), (18.27.12_5), (18.27.14_1)–(18.27.14_6), (18.27.17_1)–(18.27.17_3), (18.27.20_5), (18.27.25), (18.27.26), (18.28.1_5).

• A big expansion. Six extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(ii) ((18.28.6_1)–(18.28.6_5)) and three extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(viii) ((18.28.21)–(18.28.23)). New subsections, 18.28(ix)–18.28(xi), with Equations (18.28.23)–(18.28.34).

• Originally this section did not have subsections. The original seven formulas have now more explanatory text and are split over two subsections. New subsections 18.30(iii)–18.30(viii), with Equations (18.30.8)–(18.30.31).

• This short section has been expanded, with Equation (18.32.2).

• Additional references and a new large subsection, 18.33(vi), including Equations (18.33.17)–(18.33.32).

• This section has been expanded, including an extra orthogonality relations (18.34.5_5), (18.34.7_1)–(18.34.7_3).

• This section on Pollaczek polynomials has been significantly updated with much more explanations and as well to include the Pollaczek polynomials of type 3 which are the most general with three free parameters. The Pollaczek polynomials which were previously treated, namely those of type 1 and type 2 are special cases of the type 3 Pollaczek polynomials. In the first paragraph of this section an extensive description of the relations between the three types of Pollaczek polynomials is given which was lacking previously. Equations (18.35.0_5), (18.35.2_1)–(18.35.2_5), (18.35.4_5), (18.35.6_1)–(18.35.6_6), (18.35.10).

• This section on miscellaneous polynomials has been expanded with new subsections, 18.36(v) on non-classical Laguerre polynomials and 18.36(vi) with examples of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, with Equations (18.36.1)–(18.36.10). In the titles of Subsections 18.36(ii) and 18.36(iii) we replaced “OP’s” by “Orthogonal Polynomials”.

• The paragraphs of Subsection 18.38(i) have been re-ordered and one paragraph was added. The title of Subsection 18.38(ii) was changed from “Classical OP’s: Other Applications” to “Classical OP’s: Mathematical Developments and Applications”. Subsection 18.38(iii) has been expanded with seven new paragraphs, and Equations (18.38.4)–(18.38.11).

• This section was completely rewritten. The previous 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics has been replaced by Subsections 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics and 18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom, containing the same essential information; the original content of the subsection is reproduced below for reference. Subsection 18.39(ii) was moved to 18.39(v) Other Applications. New subsections, 18.39(iii) Non Classical Weight Functions of Utility in DVR Method in the Physical Sciences, 18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods; Equations (18.39.7)–(18.39.48); and Figures 18.39.1, 18.39.2.

  The original text of 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics was:

  “Classical OP’s appear when the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by separation of variables. Consider, for example, the one-dimensional form of this equation for a particle of mass $m$ with potential energy $V(x)$:

  errata.1 $$\left(\frac{-{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}{2m}\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial x}^2}+V(x)\right)\psi (x,t)=i\mathrm{\hslash }\frac{\partial }{\partial t}\psi (x,t),$$

  where $\mathrm{\hslash }$ is the reduced Planck’s constant. On substituting $\psi (x,t)=\eta (x)\zeta (t)$, we obtain two ordinary differential equations, each of which involve the same constant $E$. The equation for $\eta (x)$ is

  errata.2 $$\frac{d^2\eta }{{dx}^2}+\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(x)\right)\eta =0.$$

  For a harmonic oscillator, the potential energy is given by

  errata.3 $$V(x)=\frac{1}{2}m{\omega }^2{x}^2,$$

  where $\omega$ is the angular frequency. For (18.39.2) to have a nontrivial bounded solution in the interval , the constant $E$ (the total energy of the particle) must satisfy

  errata.4 $$E=E_n=\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\hslash }\omega ,$$ $n=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

  The corresponding eigenfunctions are

  errata.5 $${\eta }_n(x)={\pi }^{-\frac{1}{4}}{2}^{-\frac{1}{2}n}{(n!b)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}{H}_n\left(x/b\right){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2/2b^2},$$

  where $b={(\mathrm{\hslash }/m\omega )}^{1/2}$, and $H_n$ is the Hermite polynomial. For further details, see Seaborn (1991, p. 224) or Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 71-72).

  A second example is provided by the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation

  errata.6 $${\nabla }^2\psi +\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(𝐱)\right)\psi =0,$$

  when this is solved by separation of variables in spherical coordinates (§1.5(ii)). The eigenfunctions of one of the separated ordinary differential equations are Legendre polynomials. See Seaborn (1991, pp. 69-75).

  For a third example, one in which the eigenfunctions are Laguerre polynomials, see Seaborn (1991, pp. 87-93) and Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 76-80 and 320-323).”

• The old section is now Subsection 18.40(i) and a large new subsection, 18.40(ii), on the classical moment problem has been added, with formulae (18.40.1)–(18.40.10) and Figures 18.40.1, 18.40.2.

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These equations have been generalized to include the additional cases of $\partial J_{-\nu }\left(z\right)/\partial \nu$, $\partial I_{-\nu }\left(z\right)/\partial \nu$, respectively.

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Several new equations have been added. See (8.17.24), (20.7.34), §20.11(v), (26.12.27), (36.2.28), and (36.2.29).

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36.10.14 $$3\left(\frac{{\partial }^2{\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}}{{\partial x}^2}-\frac{{\partial }^2{\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}}{{\partial y}^2}\right)+2\mathrm{i}z\frac{\partial {\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}}{\partial x}-x{\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}=0$$

Originally this equation appeared with $\frac{\partial {\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{H})}}{\partial x}$ in the second term, rather than $\frac{\partial {\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}}{\partial x}$.

Reported 2010-04-02.

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Bibliographic citations were added in §§1.13(v), 10.14, 10.21(ii), 18.15(v), 18.32, 30.16(iii), 32.13(ii), and as general references in Chapters 19, 20, 22, and 23.

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5: 36.4 Bifurcation Sets

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36.4.1 $$\frac{\partial }{\partial t}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_K(t_j(𝐱);𝐱)=0.$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}_K(t;𝐱)$: cuspoid catastrophe of codimension $K$ , $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $t$: variable, $K$: codimension and $t_j(𝐱)$: solutions

Referenced by:

§36.11, §36.12(i), §36.4(i), §36.5(i), §36.5(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.4.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §36.4(i), §36.4(i), §36.4 and Ch.36

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36.4.3 $$\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial t}^2}{\mathrm{\Phi }}_K(t;𝐱)=0.$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}_K(t;𝐱)$: cuspoid catastrophe of codimension $K$ , $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $t$: variable and $K$: codimension

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.4.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.4(i), §36.4(i), §36.4 and Ch.36

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36.4.4

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Symbols:

$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , : elliptic umbilic catastrophe for $\mathrm{U}=\mathrm{E}\text{ or }\mathrm{K}$ , $t$: variable and $s$: variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.4.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.4(i), §36.4(i), §36.4 and Ch.36

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6: 9.18 Tables

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Zhang and Jin (1996, p. 337) tabulates $\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right)$, ${\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{Bi}\left(x\right)$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ for $x=0(1)20$ to 8S and for $x=-20(1)0$ to 9D.

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Miller (1946) tabulates $a_k$, ${\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(a_k\right)$, $a_k^{\prime }$, $\mathrm{Ai}\left(a_k^{\prime }\right)$, $k=1(1)50$; $b_k$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left(b_k\right)$, $b_k^{\prime }$, $\mathrm{Bi}\left(b_k^{\prime }\right)$, $k=1(1)20$. Precision is 8D. Entries for $k=1(1)20$ are reproduced in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 10).

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Sherry (1959) tabulates $a_k$, ${\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(a_k\right)$, $a_k^{\prime }$, $\mathrm{Ai}\left(a_k^{\prime }\right)$, $k=1(1)50$; 20S.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, p. 339) tabulates $a_k$, ${\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(a_k\right)$, $a_k^{\prime }$, $\mathrm{Ai}\left(a_k^{\prime }\right)$, $b_k$, ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left(b_k\right)$, $b_k^{\prime }$, $\mathrm{Bi}\left(b_k^{\prime }\right)$, $k=1(1)20$; 8D.

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Smirnov (1960) tabulates $U_1(x,\alpha )$, $U_2(x,\alpha )$, defined by (9.13.20), (9.13.21), and also $\partial U_1(x,\alpha )/\partial x$, $\partial U_2(x,\alpha )/\partial x$, for $\alpha =1$, $x=-6(.01)10$ to 5D or 5S, and also for $\alpha =\pm \frac{1}{4}$, $\pm \frac{1}{3}$, $\pm \frac{1}{2}$, $\pm \frac{2}{3}$, $\pm \frac{3}{4}$, $\frac{5}{4}$, $\frac{4}{3}$, $\frac{3}{2}$, $\frac{5}{3}$, $\frac{7}{4}$, 2, $x=0(.01)6$; 4D.

7: Bibliography K

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Series expansions for the third incomplete elliptic integral via partial fraction decompositions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 207 (2), pp. 331–337.

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External Links:

ISSN 0377-0427, Document, MathReview (José Luis López), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§19.12, §19.5.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The second Painlevé equation in the electrostatic probe theory: Numerical solutions for the partial absorption of charged particles by the surface. Technical Physics 49 (1), pp. 1–7.

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External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

§32.17.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Algorithm 737: INTLIB: A portable Fortran 77 interval standard-function library. ACM Trans. Math. Software 20 (4), pp. 447–459.

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External Links:

ISSN 0098-3500, Document, GAMS (module 737; package TOMS), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

1st item.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Methods of computing the Riemann zeta-function and some generalizations of it. USSR Comput. Math. and Math. Phys. 20 (6), pp. 212–230.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (Matti Jutila), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§25.18(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Connection formulae for asymptotics of solutions of the degenerate third Painlevé equation. I. Inverse Problems 20 (4), pp. 1165–1206.

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External Links:

ISSN 0266-5611, Document, MathReview (Shun Shimomura), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.11(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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