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11: 31.4 Solutions Analytic at Two Singularities: Heun Functions

… ►For an infinite set of discrete values $q_m$, $m=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$, of the accessory parameter $q$, the function $H\mathrm{\ell }(a,q;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$ is analytic at $z=1$, and hence also throughout the disk . … ►

31.4.1 $$(0,1){\mathrm{𝐻𝑓}}_m(a,q_m;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z),$$ $m=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$(s_1,s_2){\mathrm{𝐻𝑓}}_m(a,q_m;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$: Heun functions, $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $\delta$: real or complex parameter, $m$: nonnegative integer, $a$: complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter, $\alpha$: real or complex parameter and $\beta$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§31.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.4.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §31.4 and Ch.31

►The eigenvalues $q_m$ satisfy the continued-fraction equation ►

31.4.2 $$q=\frac{a\gamma P_1}{Q_1+q-}\frac{R_1{P}_2}{Q_2+q-}\frac{R_2{P}_3}{Q_3+q-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $a$: complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter, $P_j$: coefficient, $Q_j$: coefficient and $R_j$: coefficient

Referenced by:

§31.18

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.4.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §31.4 and Ch.31

… ►

31.4.3 $$(s_1,s_2){\mathrm{𝐻𝑓}}_m(a,q_m;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z),$$ $m=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$,

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Symbols:

$(s_1,s_2){\mathrm{𝐻𝑓}}_m(a,q_m;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$: Heun functions, $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $\delta$: real or complex parameter, $m$: nonnegative integer, $a$: complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter, $\alpha$: real or complex parameter and $\beta$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§31.4, §31.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.4.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §31.4 and Ch.31

…

12: 20.16 Software

… ►

§20.16(ii) Real Argument and Parameter

… ►

§20.16(iii) Complex Argument and/or Parameter

…

13: 31.2 Differential Equations

… ►All other homogeneous linear differential equations of the second order having four regular singularities in the extended complex plane, $ℂ\cup \{\mathrm{\infty }\}$, can be transformed into (31.2.1). ►The parameters play different roles: $a$ is the singularity parameter; $\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ,ϵ$ are exponent parameters; $q$ is the accessory parameter. The total number of free parameters is six. … ►Then (suppressing the parameter $k$) … ►Except for the identity automorphism, each alters the parameters.

14: 8.17 Incomplete Beta Functions

… ►Throughout §§8.17 and 8.18 we assume that $a>0$, $b>0$, and $0\le x\le 1$. … ►

8.17.4 $$I_x(a,b)=1-I_{1-x}(b,a).$$

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Symbols:

$I_x(a,b)$: incomplete beta function, $a$: parameter, $b$: parameter and $x$: variable

A&S Ref:

6.6.3 (Symmetry relation)

Referenced by:

§8.17(v), §8.18(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.17.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.17(i), §8.17 and Ch.8

… ►With $a>0$, $b>0$, and , … ►

8.17.13 $$(a+b)I_x(a,b)=a{I}_x(a+1,b)+b{I}_x(a,b+1),$$

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Symbols:

$I_x(a,b)$: incomplete beta function, $a$: parameter, $b$: parameter and $x$: variable

A&S Ref:

6.6.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.17.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.17(iv), §8.17 and Ch.8

… ►

8.17.16 $$a{I}_x(a+1,b)=(a+cx)I_x(a,b)-cx{I}_x(a-1,b),$$

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Symbols:

$I_x(a,b)$: incomplete beta function, $a$: parameter, $b$: parameter, $x$: variable and $c$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.17.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.17(iv), §8.17 and Ch.8

…

15: 9.14 Incomplete Airy Functions

… ►Incomplete Airy functions are defined by the contour integral (9.5.4) when one of the integration limits is replaced by a variable real or complex parameter. …

16: 28.27 Addition Theorems

… ►Addition theorems provide important connections between Mathieu functions with different parameters and in different coordinate systems. …

17: 31.12 Confluent Forms of Heun’s Equation

… ►

31.12.1 $$\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}+\left(\frac{\gamma }{z}+\frac{\delta }{z-1}+ϵ\right)\frac{dw}{dz}+\frac{\alpha z-q}{z(z-1)}w=0.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $\delta$: real or complex parameter, $ϵ$: real or complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter and $\alpha$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§31.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.12.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §31.12, §31.12 and Ch.31

… ►

31.12.2 $$\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}+\left(\frac{\delta }{z^2}+\frac{\gamma }{z}+1\right)\frac{dw}{dz}+\frac{\alpha z-q}{z^2}w=0.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $\delta$: real or complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter and $\alpha$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.12.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §31.12, §31.12 and Ch.31

… ►

31.12.3 $$\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}-\left(\frac{\gamma }{z}+\delta +z\right)\frac{dw}{dz}+\frac{\alpha z-q}{z}w=0.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $\delta$: real or complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter and $\alpha$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.7) for Equation (31.12.3)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.12.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.7):

Originally the sign in front of the second term in this equation was $+$. The correct sign is $-$.

Reported 2013-10-31 by Henryk Witek

See also:

Annotations for §31.12, §31.12 and Ch.31

… ►

31.12.4 $$\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}+\left(\gamma +z\right)z\frac{dw}{dz}+\left(\alpha z-q\right)w=0.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter and $\alpha$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§31.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.12.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §31.12, §31.12 and Ch.31

…

18: 32.1 Special Notation

… ► ►►►

$m,n$	integers.
…
$k$	real parameter.

…

19: 34.14 Tables

… ►Tables of exact values of the squares of the $\mathit{3}j$ and $\mathit{6}j$ symbols in which all parameters are $\le 8$ are given in Rotenberg et al. (1959), together with a bibliography of earlier tables of $\mathit{3}j,\mathit{6}j$, and $\mathit{9}j$ symbols on pp. … ►Tables of $\mathit{3}j$ and $\mathit{6}j$ symbols in which all parameters are $\le 17/2$ are given in Appel (1968) to 6D. … ►In Varshalovich et al. (1988) algebraic expressions for the Clebsch–Gordan coefficients with all parameters $\le 5$ and numerical values for all parameters $\le 3$ are given on pp. …

20: 15.5 Derivatives and Contiguous Functions

… ►

15.5.1 $$\frac{d}{dz}F(a,b;c;z)=\frac{ab}{c}F(a+1,b+1;c+1;z),$$

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.5.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.5(i), §15.5 and Ch.15

►

15.5.2 $$\frac{d^n}{{dz}^n}F(a,b;c;z)=\frac{{\left(a\right)}_n{\left(b\right)}_n}{{\left(c\right)}_n}F(a+n,b+n;c+n;z).$$

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $n$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.5.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.5(i), §15.5 and Ch.15

►

15.5.3 $${\left(z\frac{d}{dz}z\right)}^n\left(z^{a-1}F(a,b;c;z)\right)={\left(a\right)}_n{z}^{a+n-1}F(a+n,b;c;z).$$

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $n$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§18.17(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.5.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.5(i), §15.5 and Ch.15

►

15.5.4 $$\frac{d^n}{{dz}^n}\left(z^{c-1}F(a,b;c;z)\right)={\left(c-n\right)}_n{z}^{c-n-1}F(a,b;c-n;z).$$

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $n$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§18.17(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.5(i), §15.5 and Ch.15

… ►

15.5.12 $$(b-a)F(a,b;c;z)+aF(a+1,b;c;z)-bF(a,b+1;c;z)=0,$$

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.5.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.5(ii), §15.5 and Ch.15

…