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11: Bibliography E
  • F. H. L. Essler, H. Frahm, A. R. Its, and V. E. Korepin (1996) Painlevé transcendent describes quantum correlation function of the X X Z antiferromagnet away from the free-fermion point. J. Phys. A 29 (17), pp. 5619–5626.
  • W. N. Everitt (1982) On the transformation theory of ordinary second-order linear symmetric differential expressions. Czechoslovak Math. J. 32(107) (2), pp. 275–306.
  • 12: Bibliography I
  • IEEE (2008) IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc..
  • IEEE (2019) IEEE International Standard for Information Technology—Microprocessor Systems—Floating-Point arithmetic: IEEE Std 754-2019. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc..
  • E. L. Ince (1926) Ordinary Differential Equations. Longmans, Green and Co., London.
  • 13: 18.38 Mathematical Applications
    Linear ordinary differential equations can be solved directly in series of Chebyshev polynomials (or other OP’s) by a method originated by Clenshaw (1957). … The terminology DVR arises as an otherwise continuous variable, such as the co-ordinate x , is replaced by its values at a finite set of zeros of appropriate OP’s resulting in expansions using functions localized at these points. …
    14: Bibliography B
  • P. Baldwin (1991) Coefficient functions for an inhomogeneous turning-point problem. Mathematika 38 (2), pp. 217–238.
  • G. Birkhoff and G. Rota (1989) Ordinary differential equations. Fourth edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
  • W. J. Braithwaite (1973) Associated Legendre polynomials, ordinary and modified spherical harmonics. Comput. Phys. Comm. 5 (5), pp. 390–394.
  • J. C. Butcher (1987) The Numerical Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations. Runge-Kutta and General Linear Methods. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester.
  • J. C. Butcher (2003) Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester.
  • 15: Bibliography
  • D. W. Albrecht, E. L. Mansfield, and A. E. Milne (1996) Algorithms for special integrals of ordinary differential equations. J. Phys. A 29 (5), pp. 973–991.
  • V. I. Arnol’d (1974) Normal forms of functions in the neighborhood of degenerate critical points. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 29 (2(176)), pp. 11–49 (Russian).
  • V. I. Arnol’d (1975) Critical points of smooth functions, and their normal forms. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 30 (5(185)), pp. 3–65 (Russian).
  • U. M. Ascher, R. M. M. Mattheij, and R. D. Russell (1995) Numerical Solution of Boundary Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations. Classics in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 13, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA.
  • U. M. Ascher and L. R. Petzold (1998) Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic Equations. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA.
  • 16: Bibliography C
  • B. C. Carlson (1985) The hypergeometric function and the R -function near their branch points. Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Politec. Torino (Special Issue), pp. 63–89.
  • A. Ciarkowski (1989) Uniform asymptotic expansion of an integral with a saddle point, a pole and a branch point. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 426, pp. 273–286.
  • C. W. Clenshaw and F. W. J. Olver (1984) Beyond floating point. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 31 (2), pp. 319–328.
  • E. A. Coddington and N. Levinson (1955) Theory of ordinary differential equations. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York-Toronto-London.
  • 17: Bibliography L
  • V. Laĭ (1994) The two-point connection problem for differential equations of the Heun class. Teoret. Mat. Fiz. 101 (3), pp. 360–368 (Russian).
  • W. Lay and S. Yu. Slavyanov (1998) The central two-point connection problem for the Heun class of ODEs. J. Phys. A 31 (18), pp. 4249–4261.
  • C. Leubner and H. Ritsch (1986) A note on the uniform asymptotic expansion of integrals with coalescing endpoint and saddle points. J. Phys. A 19 (3), pp. 329–335.
  • B. M. Levitan and I. S. Sargsjan (1975) Introduction to spectral theory: selfadjoint ordinary differential operators. Translations of Mathematical Monographs, Vol. 39, American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I..
  • L. Lorch and P. Szegő (1990) On the points of inflection of Bessel functions of positive order. I. Canad. J. Math. 42 (5), pp. 933–948.
  • 18: Bibliography T
  • N. M. Temme (1976) On the numerical evaluation of the ordinary Bessel function of the second kind. J. Computational Phys. 21 (3), pp. 343–350.
  • N. M. Temme (1979a) An algorithm with ALGOL 60 program for the computation of the zeros of ordinary Bessel functions and those of their derivatives. J. Comput. Phys. 32 (2), pp. 270–279.
  • N. M. Temme (1978) The numerical computation of special functions by use of quadrature rules for saddle point integrals. II. Gamma functions, modified Bessel functions and parabolic cylinder functions. Report TW 183/78 Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, Afdeling Toegepaste Wiskunde.
  • S. A. Tumarkin (1959) Asymptotic solution of a linear nonhomogeneous second order differential equation with a transition point and its application to the computations of toroidal shells and propeller blades. J. Appl. Math. Mech. 23, pp. 1549–1565.
  • 19: 1.13 Differential Equations
    A solution becomes unique, for example, when w and d w / d z are prescribed at a point in D . …
    Transformation of the Point at Infinity
    A standard form for second order ordinary differential equations with x , and with a real parameter λ , and real valued functions p ( x ) , q ( x ) , and ρ ( x ) , with p ( x ) and ρ ( x ) positive, is … For a regular Sturm-Liouville system, equations (1.13.26) and (1.13.29) have: (i) identical eigenvalues, λ ; (ii) the corresponding (real) eigenfunctions, u ( x ) and w ( t ) , have the same number of zeros, also called nodes, for t ( 0 , c ) as for x ( a , b ) ; (iii) the eigenfunctions also satisfy the same type of boundary conditions, un-mixed or periodic, for both forms at the corresponding boundary points. …
    20: Errata
  • Chapter 18 Additions

    The following additions were made in Chapter 18:

    • Section 18.2

      In Subsection 18.2(i), Equation (18.2.1_5); the paragraph title “Orthogonality on Finite Point Sets” has been changed to “Orthogonality on Countable Sets”, and there are minor changes in the presentation of the final paragraph, including a new equation (18.2.4_5). The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iii) has changed, Equation (18.2.5_5) was added and an extra paragraph on standardizations has been included. The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iv) has changed and it has been expanded with two extra paragraphs and several new equations, (18.2.9_5), (18.2.11_1)–(18.2.11_9). Subsections 18.2(v) (with (18.2.12_5), (18.2.14)–(18.2.17)) and 18.2(vi) (with (18.2.17)–(18.2.20)) have been expanded. New subsections, 18.2(vii)18.2(xii), with Equations (18.2.21)–(18.2.46),

    • Section 18.3

      A new introduction, minor changes in the presentation, and three new paragraphs.

    • Section 18.5

      Extra details for Chebyshev polynomials, and Equations (18.5.4_5), (18.5.11_1)–(18.5.11_4), (18.5.17_5).

    • Section 18.8

      Line numbers and two extra rows were added to Table 18.8.1.

    • Section 18.9

      Subsection 18.9(i) has been expanded, and 18.9(iii) has some additional explanation. Equations (18.9.2_1), (18.9.2_2), (18.9.18_5) and Table 18.9.2 were added.

    • Section 18.12

      Three extra generating functions, (18.12.2_5), (18.12.3_5), (18.12.17).

    • Section 18.14

      Equation (18.14.3_5). New subsection, 18.14(iv), with Equations (18.14.25)–(18.14.27).

    • Section 18.15

      Equation (18.15.4_5).

    • Section 18.16

      The title of Subsection 18.16(iii) was changed from “Ultraspherical and Legendre” to “Ultraspherical, Legendre and Chebyshev”. New subsection, 18.16(vii) Discriminants, with Equations (18.16.19)–(18.16.21).

    • Section 18.17

      Extra explanatory text at many places and seven extra integrals (18.17.16_5), (18.17.21_1)–(18.17.21_3), (18.17.28_5), (18.17.34_5), (18.17.41_5).

    • Section 18.18

      Extra explanatory text at several places and the title of Subsection 18.18(iv) was changed from “Connection Formulas” to “Connection and Inversion Formulas”.

    • Section 18.19

      A new introduction.

    • Section 18.21

      Equation (18.21.13).

    • Section 18.25

      Extra explanatory text in Subsection 18.25(i) and the title of Subsection 18.25(ii) was changed from “Weights and Normalizations: Continuous Cases” to “Weights and Standardizations: Continuous Cases”.

    • Section 18.26

      In Subsection 18.26(i) an extra paragraph on dualities has been included, with Equations (18.26.4_1), (18.26.4_2).

    • Section 18.27

      Extra text at the start of this section and twenty seven extra formulas, (18.27.4_1), (18.27.4_2), (18.27.6_5), (18.27.9_5), (18.27.12_5), (18.27.14_1)–(18.27.14_6), (18.27.17_1)–(18.27.17_3), (18.27.20_5), (18.27.25), (18.27.26), (18.28.1_5).

    • Section 18.28

      A big expansion. Six extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(ii) ((18.28.6_1)–(18.28.6_5)) and three extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(viii) ((18.28.21)–(18.28.23)). New subsections, 18.28(ix)18.28(xi), with Equations (18.28.23)–(18.28.34).

    • Section 18.30

      Originally this section did not have subsections. The original seven formulas have now more explanatory text and are split over two subsections. New subsections 18.30(iii)18.30(viii), with Equations (18.30.8)–(18.30.31).

    • Section 18.32

      This short section has been expanded, with Equation (18.32.2).

    • Section 18.33

      Additional references and a new large subsection, 18.33(vi), including Equations (18.33.17)–(18.33.32).

    • Section 18.34

      This section has been expanded, including an extra orthogonality relations (18.34.5_5), (18.34.7_1)–(18.34.7_3).

    • Section 18.35

      This section on Pollaczek polynomials has been significantly updated with much more explanations and as well to include the Pollaczek polynomials of type 3 which are the most general with three free parameters. The Pollaczek polynomials which were previously treated, namely those of type 1 and type 2 are special cases of the type 3 Pollaczek polynomials. In the first paragraph of this section an extensive description of the relations between the three types of Pollaczek polynomials is given which was lacking previously. Equations (18.35.0_5), (18.35.2_1)–(18.35.2_5), (18.35.4_5), (18.35.6_1)–(18.35.6_6), (18.35.10).

    • Section 18.36

      This section on miscellaneous polynomials has been expanded with new subsections, 18.36(v) on non-classical Laguerre polynomials and 18.36(vi) with examples of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, with Equations (18.36.1)–(18.36.10). In the titles of Subsections 18.36(ii) and 18.36(iii) we replaced “OP’s” by “Orthogonal Polynomials”.

    • Section 18.38

      The paragraphs of Subsection 18.38(i) have been re-ordered and one paragraph was added. The title of Subsection 18.38(ii) was changed from “Classical OP’s: Other Applications” to “Classical OP’s: Mathematical Developments and Applications”. Subsection 18.38(iii) has been expanded with seven new paragraphs, and Equations (18.38.4)–(18.38.11).

    • Section 18.39

      This section was completely rewritten. The previous 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics has been replaced by Subsections 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics and 18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom, containing the same essential information; the original content of the subsection is reproduced below for reference. Subsection 18.39(ii) was moved to 18.39(v) Other Applications. New subsections, 18.39(iii) Non Classical Weight Functions of Utility in DVR Method in the Physical Sciences, 18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods; Equations (18.39.7)–(18.39.48); and Figures 18.39.1, 18.39.2.

      The original text of 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics was:

      “Classical OP’s appear when the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by separation of variables. Consider, for example, the one-dimensional form of this equation for a particle of mass m with potential energy V ( x ) :

      errata.1 ( 2 2 m 2 x 2 + V ( x ) ) ψ ( x , t ) = i t ψ ( x , t ) ,

      where is the reduced Planck’s constant. On substituting ψ ( x , t ) = η ( x ) ζ ( t ) , we obtain two ordinary differential equations, each of which involve the same constant E . The equation for η ( x ) is

      errata.2 d 2 η d x 2 + 2 m 2 ( E V ( x ) ) η = 0 .

      For a harmonic oscillator, the potential energy is given by

      errata.3 V ( x ) = 1 2 m ω 2 x 2 ,

      where ω is the angular frequency. For (18.39.2) to have a nontrivial bounded solution in the interval < x < , the constant E (the total energy of the particle) must satisfy

      errata.4 E = E n = ( n + 1 2 ) ω , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , .

      The corresponding eigenfunctions are

      errata.5 η n ( x ) = π 1 4 2 1 2 n ( n ! b ) 1 2 H n ( x / b ) e x 2 / 2 b 2 ,

      where b = ( / m ω ) 1 / 2 , and H n is the Hermite polynomial. For further details, see Seaborn (1991, p. 224) or Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 71-72).

      A second example is provided by the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation

      errata.6 2 ψ + 2 m 2 ( E V ( 𝐱 ) ) ψ = 0 ,

      when this is solved by separation of variables in spherical coordinates (§1.5(ii)). The eigenfunctions of one of the separated ordinary differential equations are Legendre polynomials. See Seaborn (1991, pp. 69-75).

      For a third example, one in which the eigenfunctions are Laguerre polynomials, see Seaborn (1991, pp. 87-93) and Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 76-80 and 320-323).”

    • Section 18.40

      The old section is now Subsection 18.40(i) and a large new subsection, 18.40(ii), on the classical moment problem has been added, with formulae (18.40.1)–(18.40.10) and Figures 18.40.1, 18.40.2.