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1: 25.18 Methods of Computation

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§25.18(ii) Zeros

►Most numerical calculations of the Riemann zeta function are concerned with locating zeros of $\zeta \left(\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}t\right)$ in an effort to prove or disprove the Riemann hypothesis, which states that all nontrivial zeros of $\zeta \left(s\right)$ lie on the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. Calculations to date (2008) have found no nontrivial zeros off the critical line. …

2: 25.10 Zeros

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§25.10(i) Distribution

… ►In the region , called the critical strip, $\zeta \left(s\right)$ has infinitely many zeros, distributed symmetrically about the real axis and about the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. … ►Calculations relating to the zeros on the critical line make use of the real-valued function … ►Calculations based on the Riemann–Siegel formula reveal that the first ten billion zeros of $\zeta \left(s\right)$ in the critical strip are on the critical line (van de Lune et al. (1986)). More than 41% of all the zeros in the critical strip lie on the critical line (Bui et al. (2011)). …

3: 25.17 Physical Applications

… ►Analogies exist between the distribution of the zeros of $\zeta \left(s\right)$ on the critical line and of semiclassical quantum eigenvalues. …

4: 25.15 Dirichlet $L$-functions

… ►There are also infinitely many zeros in the critical strip $0\le \mathrm{\Re }s\le 1$, located symmetrically about the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$, but not necessarily symmetrically about the real axis. …

5: 8.22 Mathematical Applications

… ►The function $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$, with $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{1}{2}\pi$ and $\mathrm{ph}z=\frac{1}{2}\pi$, has an intimate connection with the Riemann zeta function $\zeta \left(s\right)$ (§25.2(i)) on the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. …

6: Bibliography B

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More than 41% of the zeros of the zeta function are on the critical line. Acta Arith. 150 (1), pp. 35–64.

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External Links:

ISSN 0065-1036, Document, Link, MathReview (Timothy S. Trudgian), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§25.10(ii), §25.10(ii), Erratum (V1.1.4) for Subsection 25.10(ii).

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7: Errata

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In the paragraph immediately below (25.10.4), it was originally stated that “more than one-third of all zeros in the critical strip lie on the critical line.” which referred to Levinson (1974). This sentence has been updated with “one-third” being replaced with “41%” now referring to Bui et al. (2011) (suggested by Gergő Nemes on 2021-08-23).

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8: 28.9 Zeros

… ►There are no zeros within the strip other than those on the real and imaginary axes. …

9: 28.19 Expansions in Series of ${\mathrm{me}}_{\nu +2n}$ Functions

… ►Let $q$ be a normal value (§28.12(i)) with respect to $\nu$, and $f(z)$ be a function that is analytic on a doubly-infinite open strip $S$ that contains the real axis. …

10: 28.11 Expansions in Series of Mathieu Functions

… ►Let $f(z)$ be a $2\pi$-periodic function that is analytic in an open doubly-infinite strip $S$ that contains the real axis, and $q$ be a normal value (§28.7). …The series (28.11.1) converges absolutely and uniformly on any compact subset of the strip $S$. …