G. Labahn and M. Mutrie (1997) Reduction of Elliptic Integrals to Legendre Normal Form. Technical report Technical Report 97-21, Department of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario.

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Referenced by:: §19.14(ii).
Encodings:: BibTeX

…

14: 3.6 Linear Difference Equations

… ►The normalizing factor

\Lambda

can be the true value of

w_{0}

divided by its trial value, or

\Lambda

can be chosen to satisfy a known property of the wanted solution of the form … ►Let us assume the normalizing condition is of the form

w_{0}=\lambda

, where

\lambda

is a constant, and then solve the following tridiagonal system of algebraic equations for the unknowns

w_{1}^{(N)},w_{2}^{(N)},\dots,w_{N-1}^{(N)}

; see §3.2(ii). … ►For further information, including a more general form of normalizing condition, other examples, convergence proofs, and error analyses, see Olver (1967a), Olver and Sookne (1972), and Wimp (1984, Chapter 6). …

15: Errata

… ►The spectral theory of these operators, based on Sturm-Liouville and Liouville normal forms, distribution theory, is now discussed more completely, including linear algebra, matrices, matrices as linear operators, orthonormal expansions, Stieltjes integrals/measures, generating functions. … ►

Chapter 18 Additions

The following additions were made in Chapter 18:

Section 18.2

In Subsection 18.2(i), Equation (18.2.1_5); the paragraph title “Orthogonality on Finite Point Sets” has been changed to “Orthogonality on Countable Sets”, and there are minor changes in the presentation of the final paragraph, including a new equation (18.2.4_5). The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iii) has changed, Equation (18.2.5_5) was added and an extra paragraph on standardizations has been included. The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iv) has changed and it has been expanded with two extra paragraphs and several new equations, (18.2.9_5), (18.2.11_1)–(18.2.11_9). Subsections 18.2(v) (with (18.2.12_5), (18.2.14)–(18.2.17)) and 18.2(vi) (with (18.2.17)–(18.2.20)) have been expanded. New subsections, 18.2(vii)–18.2(xii), with Equations (18.2.21)–(18.2.46),
Section 18.3

A new introduction, minor changes in the presentation, and three new paragraphs.
Section 18.5

Extra details for Chebyshev polynomials, and Equations (18.5.4_5), (18.5.11_1)–(18.5.11_4), (18.5.17_5).
Section 18.8

Line numbers and two extra rows were added to Table 18.8.1.
Section 18.9

Subsection 18.9(i) has been expanded, and 18.9(iii) has some additional explanation. Equations (18.9.2_1), (18.9.2_2), (18.9.18_5) and Table 18.9.2 were added.
Section 18.12

Three extra generating functions, (18.12.2_5), (18.12.3_5), (18.12.17).
Section 18.14

Equation (18.14.3_5). New subsection, 18.14(iv), with Equations (18.14.25)–(18.14.27).
Section 18.15

Equation (18.15.4_5).
Section 18.16

The title of Subsection 18.16(iii) was changed from “Ultraspherical and Legendre” to “Ultraspherical, Legendre and Chebyshev”. New subsection, 18.16(vii) Discriminants, with Equations (18.16.19)–(18.16.21).
Section 18.17

Extra explanatory text at many places and seven extra integrals (18.17.16_5), (18.17.21_1)–(18.17.21_3), (18.17.28_5), (18.17.34_5), (18.17.41_5).
Section 18.18

Extra explanatory text at several places and the title of Subsection 18.18(iv) was changed from “Connection Formulas” to “Connection and Inversion Formulas”.
Section 18.19

A new introduction.
Section 18.21

Equation (18.21.13).
Section 18.25

Extra explanatory text in Subsection 18.25(i) and the title of Subsection 18.25(ii) was changed from “Weights and Normalizations: Continuous Cases” to “Weights and Standardizations: Continuous Cases”.
Section 18.26

In Subsection 18.26(i) an extra paragraph on dualities has been included, with Equations (18.26.4_1), (18.26.4_2).
Section 18.27

Extra text at the start of this section and twenty seven extra formulas, (18.27.4_1), (18.27.4_2), (18.27.6_5), (18.27.9_5), (18.27.12_5), (18.27.14_1)–(18.27.14_6), (18.27.17_1)–(18.27.17_3), (18.27.20_5), (18.27.25), (18.27.26), (18.28.1_5).
Section 18.28

A big expansion. Six extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(ii) ((18.28.6_1)–(18.28.6_5)) and three extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(viii) ((18.28.21)–(18.28.23)). New subsections, 18.28(ix)–18.28(xi), with Equations (18.28.23)–(18.28.34).
Section 18.30

Originally this section did not have subsections. The original seven formulas have now more explanatory text and are split over two subsections. New subsections 18.30(iii)–18.30(viii), with Equations (18.30.8)–(18.30.31).
Section 18.32

This short section has been expanded, with Equation (18.32.2).
Section 18.33

Additional references and a new large subsection, 18.33(vi), including Equations (18.33.17)–(18.33.32).
Section 18.34

This section has been expanded, including an extra orthogonality relations (18.34.5_5), (18.34.7_1)–(18.34.7_3).
Section 18.35

This section on Pollaczek polynomials has been significantly updated with much more explanations and as well to include the Pollaczek polynomials of type 3 which are the most general with three free parameters. The Pollaczek polynomials which were previously treated, namely those of type 1 and type 2 are special cases of the type 3 Pollaczek polynomials. In the first paragraph of this section an extensive description of the relations between the three types of Pollaczek polynomials is given which was lacking previously. Equations (18.35.0_5), (18.35.2_1)–(18.35.2_5), (18.35.4_5), (18.35.6_1)–(18.35.6_6), (18.35.10).
Section 18.36

This section on miscellaneous polynomials has been expanded with new subsections, 18.36(v) on non-classical Laguerre polynomials and 18.36(vi) with examples of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, with Equations (18.36.1)–(18.36.10). In the titles of Subsections 18.36(ii) and 18.36(iii) we replaced “OP’s” by “Orthogonal Polynomials”.
Section 18.38

The paragraphs of Subsection 18.38(i) have been re-ordered and one paragraph was added. The title of Subsection 18.38(ii) was changed from “Classical OP’s: Other Applications” to “Classical OP’s: Mathematical Developments and Applications”. Subsection 18.38(iii) has been expanded with seven new paragraphs, and Equations (18.38.4)–(18.38.11).
Section 18.39

This section was completely rewritten. The previous 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics has been replaced by Subsections 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics and 18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom, containing the same essential information; the original content of the subsection is reproduced below for reference. Subsection 18.39(ii) was moved to 18.39(v) Other Applications. New subsections, 18.39(iii) Non Classical Weight Functions of Utility in DVR Method in the Physical Sciences, 18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods; Equations (18.39.7)–(18.39.48); and Figures 18.39.1, 18.39.2.

The original text of 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics was:

“Classical OP’s appear when the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by separation of variables. Consider, for example, the one-dimensional form of this equation for a particle of mass $m$ with potential energy $V(x)$ :

errata.1 $\left(\frac{-\hbar^{2}}{2m}\frac{{\partial}^{2}}{{\partial x}^{2}}+V(x)\right)% \psi(x,t)=i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\psi(x,t),$

where $\hbar$ is the reduced Planck’s constant. On substituting $\psi(x,t)=\eta(x)\zeta(t)$ , we obtain two ordinary differential equations, each of which involve the same constant $E$ . The equation for $\eta(x)$ is

errata.2 $\frac{{\mathrm{d}}^{2}\eta}{{\mathrm{d}x}^{2}}+\frac{2m}{\hbar^{2}}\left(E-V(x% )\right)\eta=0.$

For a harmonic oscillator, the potential energy is given by

errata.3 $V(x)=\tfrac{1}{2}m\omega^{2}x^{2},$

where $\omega$ is the angular frequency. For (18.39.2) to have a nontrivial bounded solution in the interval $-\infty<x<\infty$ , the constant $E$ (the total energy of the particle) must satisfy

errata.4 $E=E_{n}=\left(n+\tfrac{1}{2}\right)\hbar\omega,$ $n=0,1,2,\dots$ .

The corresponding eigenfunctions are

errata.5 $\eta_{n}(x)=\pi^{-\frac{1}{4}}2^{-\frac{1}{2}n}(n!\,b)^{-\frac{1}{2}}H_{n}% \left(x/b\right){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^{2}/2b^{2}},$

where $b=(\hbar/m\omega)^{1/2}$ , and $H_{n}$ is the Hermite polynomial. For further details, see Seaborn (1991, p. 224) or Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 71-72).

A second example is provided by the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation

errata.6 $\nabla^{2}\psi+\frac{2m}{\hbar^{2}}\left(E-V(\mathbf{x})\right)\psi=0,$

when this is solved by separation of variables in spherical coordinates (§1.5(ii)). The eigenfunctions of one of the separated ordinary differential equations are Legendre polynomials. See Seaborn (1991, pp. 69-75).

For a third example, one in which the eigenfunctions are Laguerre polynomials, see Seaborn (1991, pp. 87-93) and Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 76-80 and 320-323).”
Section 18.40

The old section is now Subsection 18.40(i) and a large new subsection, 18.40(ii), on the classical moment problem has been added, with formulae (18.40.1)–(18.40.10) and Figures 18.40.1, 18.40.2.

…

16: 31.15 Stieltjes Polynomials

… ►The normalized system of products (31.15.8) forms an orthonormal basis in the Hilbert space

L_{\rho}^{2}(Q)

. …

17: 18.39 Applications in the Physical Sciences

… ►All are written in the same form as the product of three factors: the square root of a weight function

w(x)

, the corresponding OP or EOP, and constant factors ensuring unit normalization. … ►Orthogonality and normalization of eigenfunctions of this form is respect to the measure