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1: 1.4 Calculus of One Variable
§1.4(i) Monotonicity
If f ( x 1 ) f ( x 2 ) for every pair x 1 , x 2 in an interval I such that x 1 < x 2 , then f ( x ) is nondecreasing on I . … If f ( x ) 0 ( 0 ) ( = 0 ) for all x ( a , b ) , then f is nondecreasing (nonincreasing) (constant) on ( a , b ) . … A generalization of the Riemann integral is the Stieltjes integral a b f ( x ) d α ( x ) , where α ( x ) is a nondecreasing function on the closure of ( a , b ) , which may be bounded, or unbounded, and d α ( x ) is the Stieltjes measure. … For α ( x ) nondecreasing on the closure I of an interval ( a , b ) , the measure d α is absolutely continuous if α ( x ) is continuous and there exists a weight function w ( x ) 0 , Riemann (or Lebesgue) integrable on finite subintervals of I , such that …
2: 1.16 Distributions
More generally, for α : [ a , b ] [ , ] a nondecreasing function the corresponding Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure μ α (see §1.4(v)) can be considered as a distribution: …
3: 2.8 Differential Equations with a Parameter
The regions of validity 𝚫 j ( α j ) comprise those points ξ that can be joined to α j in 𝚫 by a path 𝒬 j along which v is nondecreasing ( j = 1 ) or nonincreasing ( j = 2 ) as v passes from α j to ξ . …
4: 18.2 General Orthogonal Polynomials
More generally than (18.2.1)–(18.2.3), w ( x ) d x may be replaced in (18.2.1) by d μ ( x ) , where the measure μ is the Lebesgue–Stieltjes measure μ α corresponding to a bounded nondecreasing function α on the closure of ( a , b ) with an infinite number of points of increase, and such that a b | x | n d μ ( x ) < for all n . …