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21: 10.72 Mathematical Applications

… ►where $z$ is a real or complex variable and $u$ is a large real or complex parameter. … ►In regions in which (10.72.1) has a simple turning point $z_0$, that is, $f(z)$ and $g(z)$ are analytic (or with weaker conditions if $z=x$ is a real variable) and $z_0$ is a simple zero of $f(z)$, asymptotic expansions of the solutions $w$ for large $u$ can be constructed in terms of Airy functions or equivalently Bessel functions or modified Bessel functions of order $\frac{1}{3}$ (§9.6(i)). … ►Then for large $u$ asymptotic approximations of the solutions $w$ can be constructed in terms of Bessel functions, or modified Bessel functions, of variable order (in fact the order depends on $u$ and $\alpha$). …

22: 33.21 Asymptotic Approximations for Large $|r|$

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§33.21(i) Limiting Forms

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§33.21(ii) Asymptotic Expansions

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23: 33.5 Limiting Forms for Small $\rho$, Small $|\eta |$, or Large $\mathrm{\ell }$

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§33.5(iv) Large $\mathrm{\ell }$

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24: 10.41 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

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§10.41(ii) Uniform Expansions for Real Variable

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10.41.4 $$K_{\nu }\left(\nu z\right)\sim {\left(\frac{\pi }{2\nu }\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-\nu \eta }}{{(1+z^2)}^{\frac{1}{4}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{U_k(p)}{{\nu }^k},$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the second kind, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\eta$ and $U_k(p)$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.7.8

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.41.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.41(ii), §10.41 and Ch.10

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25: Bibliography L

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The solutions of the Mathieu equation with a complex variable and at least one parameter large. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 36 (3), pp. 637–695.

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External Links:

ISSN 0002-9947, FullText, MathReview Entry, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§28.8(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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A Numerical Library in C for Scientists and Engineers. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

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Notes:

With 1 IBM-PC floppy disk (3.5 inch; HD) containing a large general purpose mathematical software collection written in C including a collection of special function classes. The functions are computed for real variables only. (See Lau (2004) for Java version).

External Links:

ISBN 0-8493-7376-X, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§ ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index, H. T. Lau (2004).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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A Numerical Library in Java for Scientists & Engineers. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL.

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Notes:

With 1 CD-ROM (Windows, Macintosh and Unix) containing a large general purpose mathematical software collection written in Java including a collection of special function classes. The functions are computed for real variables only. (See Lau (1995) for C version).

External Links:

ISBN 1-58488-430-4, MathReview Entry, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

H. T. Lau (1995).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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26: 2.8 Differential Equations with a Parameter

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2.8.3 $$\frac{d^{2}W}{{d\xi }^2}=\left(u^2{\dot{z}}^{2}f(z)+\psi (\xi )\right)W,$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $f(x)$: function, $u$: large real or complex parameter, $W$: change of variable, $\dot{z}$: derivative of $z$ with respect to $\xi$ and $\psi (\xi )$: function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/2.8.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §2.8(i), §2.8 and Ch.2

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2.8.8 $$d^{2}W/{d\xi }^2=\left(u^2{\xi }^m+\psi (\xi )\right)W,$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $u$: large real or complex parameter, $W$: change of variable and $\psi (\xi )$: function

Referenced by:

§2.8(i), §2.8(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/2.8.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §2.8(i), §2.8 and Ch.2

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2.8.9 $$\frac{d^{2}W}{{d\xi }^2}=\left(\frac{u^2}{\xi }+\frac{\rho }{{\xi }^2}\right)W,$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $u$: large real or complex parameter, $W$: change of variable and $\rho$: limit

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/2.8.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §2.8(i), §2.8 and Ch.2

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27: 10.20 Uniform Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

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10.20.5 $$Y_{\nu }\left(\nu z\right)\sim -{\left(\frac{4\zeta }{1-z^2}\right)}^{\frac{1}{4}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{Bi}\left({\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{1}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{A_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}+\frac{{\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left({\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{5}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{B_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\zeta (z)$: solution, $A_k(\zeta )$: coefficients and $B_k(\zeta )$: coefficients

A&S Ref:

9.3.36

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.20.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.20(i), §10.20 and Ch.10

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10.20.9 $$\begin{array}{c}H_{\nu }^{(1)}{}_{}{}^{\prime }\left(\nu z\right)\\ H_{\nu }^{(2)}{}_{}{}^{\prime }\left(\nu z\right)\end{array}\}\sim \frac{4{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}}{z}{\left(\frac{1-z^2}{4\zeta }\right)}^{\frac{1}{4}}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}\mathrm{Ai}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{4}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{C_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}+\frac{{\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{D_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\zeta (z)$: solution, $C_k(\zeta )$: coefficients and $D_k(\zeta )$: coefficients

A&S Ref:

9.3.45

Referenced by:

§10.20(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.20.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.20(i), §10.20 and Ch.10

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28: 8.18 Asymptotic Expansions of $I_x(a,b)$

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§8.18(i) Large Parameters, Fixed $x$

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§8.18(ii) Large Parameters: Uniform Asymptotic Expansions

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Large $a$, Fixed $b$

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Symmetric Case

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General Case

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29: 12.10 Uniform Asymptotic Expansions for Large Parameter

… ►In this section we give asymptotic expansions of PCFs for large values of the parameter $a$ that are uniform with respect to the variable $z$, when both $a$ and $z$ $(=x)$ are real. …

30: 4.45 Methods of Computation

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§4.45(i) Real Variables

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4.45.1 $$y=x^{2^{-m}}-1.$$

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Symbols:

$m$: integer, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.45.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.45(i), §4.45(i), §4.45 and Ch.4

… ►Another method, when $x$ is large, is to sum … ►

§4.45(ii) Complex Variables

… ►Initial approximations are obtainable, for example, from the power series (4.13.6) (with $t\ge 0$) when $x$ is close to $-1/\mathrm{e}$, from the asymptotic expansion (4.13.10) when $x$ is large, and by numerical integration of the differential equation (4.13.4) (§3.7) for other values of $x$. …