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1: 32.4 Isomonodromy Problems
§32.4 Isomonodromy Problems
P I P VI  can be expressed as the compatibility condition of a linear system, called an isomonodromy problem or Lax pair. Suppose …Isomonodromy problems for Painlevé equations are not unique. …
2: Bibliography I
  • Y. Ikebe, Y. Kikuchi, I. Fujishiro, N. Asai, K. Takanashi, and M. Harada (1993) The eigenvalue problem for infinite compact complex symmetric matrices with application to the numerical computation of complex zeros of J 0 ( z ) i J 1 ( z ) and of Bessel functions J m ( z ) of any real order m . Linear Algebra Appl. 194, pp. 35–70.
  • K. Inkeri (1959) The real roots of Bernoulli polynomials. Ann. Univ. Turku. Ser. A I 37, pp. 1–20.
  • A. R. Its, A. S. Fokas, and A. A. Kapaev (1994) On the asymptotic analysis of the Painlevé equations via the isomonodromy method. Nonlinearity 7 (5), pp. 1291–1325.
  • 3: William P. Reinhardt
    Older work on the scattering theory of the atomic Coulomb problem led to the discovery of new classes of orthogonal polynomials relating to the spectral theory of Schrödinger operators, and new uses of old ones: this work was strongly motivated by his original ownership of a 1964 hard copy printing of the original AMS 55 NBS Handbook of Mathematical Functions. …
  • In November 2015, Reinhardt was named Senior Associate Editor of the DLMF and Associate Editor for Chapters 20, 22, and 23.
    4: 20 Theta Functions
    Chapter 20 Theta Functions
    5: 10.73 Physical Applications
    Bessel functions first appear in the investigation of a physical problem in Daniel Bernoulli’s analysis of the small oscillations of a uniform heavy flexible chain. For this problem and its further generalizations, see Korenev (2002, Chapter 4, §37) and Gray et al. (1922, Chapter I, §1, Chapter XVI, §4). … This equation governs problems in acoustic and electromagnetic wave propagation. …See Krivoshlykov (1994, Chapter 2, §2.2.10; Chapter 5, §5.2.2), Kapany and Burke (1972, Chapters 4–6; Chapter 7, §A.1), and Slater (1942, Chapter 4, §§20, 25). … More recently, Bessel functions appear in the inverse problem in wave propagation, with applications in medicine, astronomy, and acoustic imaging. …
    6: 29.19 Physical Applications
    Simply-periodic Lamé functions ( ν noninteger) can be used to solve boundary-value problems for Laplace’s equation in elliptical cones. …
    §29.19(ii) Lamé Polynomials
    Shail (1978) treats applications to solutions of elliptic crack and punch problems. …
    7: 11.12 Physical Applications
    §11.12 Physical Applications
    Applications of Struve functions occur in water-wave and surface-wave problems (Hirata (1975) and Ahmadi and Widnall (1985)), unsteady aerodynamics (Shaw (1985) and Wehausen and Laitone (1960)), distribution of fluid pressure over a vibrating disk (McLachlan (1934)), resistive MHD instability theory (Paris and Sy (1983)), and optical diffraction (Levine and Schwinger (1948)). …
    8: Bibliography G
  • R. D. M. Garashchuk and J. C. Light (2001) Quasirandom distributed bases for bound problems. J. Chem. Phys. 114 (9), pp. 3929–3939.
  • L. Gårding (1947) The solution of Cauchy’s problem for two totally hyperbolic linear differential equations by means of Riesz integrals. Ann. of Math. (2) 48 (4), pp. 785–826.
  • A. G. Gibbs (1973) Problem 72-21, Laplace transforms of Airy functions. SIAM Rev. 15 (4), pp. 796–798.
  • A. Gil, J. Segura, and N. M. Temme (2014) Algorithm 939: computation of the Marcum Q-function. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 40 (3), pp. 20:1–20:21.
  • H. W. Gould (1960) Stirling number representation problems. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 11 (3), pp. 447–451.
  • 9: 18.40 Methods of Computation
    §18.40(ii) The Classical Moment Problem
    The problem of moments is simply stated and the early work of Stieltjes, Markov, and Chebyshev on this problem was the origin of the understanding of the importance of both continued fractions and OP’s in many areas of analysis. Given the power moments, μ n = a b x n d μ ( x ) , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , , can these be used to find a unique μ ( x ) , a non-decreasing, real, function of x , in the case that the moment problem is determined? Should a unique solution not exist the moment problem is then indeterminant. … Results of low ( 2 to 3 decimal digits) precision for w ( x ) are easily obtained for N 10 to 20 . …
    10: 14.31 Other Applications
    Applications of toroidal functions include expansion of vacuum magnetic fields in stellarators and tokamaks (van Milligen and López Fraguas (1994)), analytic solutions of Poisson’s equation in channel-like geometries (Hoyles et al. (1998)), and Dirichlet problems with toroidal symmetry (Gil et al. (2000)). … The conical functions 𝖯 1 2 + i τ m ( x ) appear in boundary-value problems for the Laplace equation in toroidal coordinates (§14.19(i)) for regions bounded by cones, by two intersecting spheres, or by one or two confocal hyperboloids of revolution (Kölbig (1981)). These functions are also used in the Mehler–Fock integral transform (§14.20(vi)) for problems in potential and heat theory, and in elementary particle physics (Sneddon (1972, Chapter 7) and Braaksma and Meulenbeld (1967)). …
    §14.31(iii) Miscellaneous