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11: 23.16 Graphics

… ►See Figures 23.16.1–23.16.3 for the modular functions $\lambda$, $J$, and $\eta$. … ►

►►

Figure 23.16.1: Modular functions $\lambda \left(\mathrm{i}y\right)$, $J\left(\mathrm{i}y\right)$, $\eta \left(\mathrm{i}y\right)$ for $0\le y\le 3$. … Magnify

…

12: 23.17 Elementary Properties

… ►

$J\left(\mathrm{i}\right)=1,$

►

$J\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pi \mathrm{i}/3}\right)=0,$

… ►For further results for $J\left(\tau \right)$ see Cohen (1993, p. 376). … ►

23.17.5 $$1728J\left(\tau \right)=q^{-2}+744+\mathrm{1\hspace{0.33em}96884}{q}^2+\mathrm{214\hspace{0.33em}93760}{q}^4+\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$J\left(\tau \right)$: Klein’s complete invariant, $q$: nome and $\tau$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§23.17(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.17.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.17(ii), §23.17 and Ch.23

…

13: 23.11 Integral Representations

… ►

23.11.2 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{z^2}+8{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}s\left({\mathrm{e}}^{-s}{\sinh }^2\left(\frac{1}{2}zs\right)f_1(s,\tau )+{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\tau s}{\sin }^2\left(\frac{1}{2}zs\right)f_2(s,\tau )\right)ds,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\sin z$: sine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $z$: complex, $\tau$: complex variable and $f_j(s,\tau )$: functions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.11.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.11 and Ch.23

… ►

23.11.3 $$\zeta \left(z\right)=\frac{1}{z}+{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{-s}\left(zs-\sinh \left(zs\right)\right)f_1(s,\tau )-{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\tau s}\left(zs-\sin \left(zs\right)\right)f_2(s,\tau )\right)ds,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(z\right)$ (= $\zeta \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\sin z$: sine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $z$: complex, $\tau$: complex variable and $f_j(s,\tau )$: functions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.11.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.11 and Ch.23

…

14: 23.12 Asymptotic Approximations

… ►

23.12.1 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)=\frac{{\pi }^2}{4{\omega }_1^2}\left(-\frac{1}{3}+{\csc }^2\left(\frac{\pi z}{2{\omega }_1}\right)+8\left(1-\cos \left(\frac{\pi z}{{\omega }_1}\right)\right)q^2+O\left(q^4\right)\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\csc z$: cosecant function, $\cos z$: cosine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $z$: complex and ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators

Referenced by:

§23.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.12.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.12 and Ch.23

►

23.12.2 $$\zeta \left(z\right)=\frac{{\pi }^2}{4{\omega }_1^2}\left(\frac{z}{3}+\frac{2{\omega }_1}{\pi }\cot \left(\frac{\pi z}{2{\omega }_1}\right)-8\left(z-\frac{{\omega }_1}{\pi }\sin \left(\frac{\pi z}{{\omega }_1}\right)\right)q^2+O\left(q^4\right)\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\zeta \left(z\right)$ (= $\zeta \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cot z$: cotangent function, $\sin z$: sine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $z$: complex and ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators

Referenced by:

§23.12, Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equation (23.12.2)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.12.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.23):

The factor of 2, previously omitted from the denominator of the argument of the $\cot$ function has been inserted.

Suggested 2019-05-27 by Blagoje Oblak

See also:

Annotations for §23.12 and Ch.23

►

23.12.3 $$\sigma \left(z\right)=\frac{2{\omega }_1}{\pi }\exp \left(\frac{{\pi }^2{z}^2}{24{\omega }_1^2}\right)\sin \left(\frac{\pi z}{2{\omega }_1}\right)\left(1-\left(\frac{{\pi }^2{z}^2}{{\omega }_1^2}-4{\sin }^2\left(\frac{\pi z}{2{\omega }_1}\right)\right)q^2+O\left(q^4\right)\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\sigma \left(z\right)$ (= $\sigma \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\sigma (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass sigma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\sin z$: sine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $z$: complex and ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.12.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.12 and Ch.23

…

15: 23.18 Modular Transformations

… ►

Klein’s Complete Invariant

►

23.18.4 $$J\left(𝒜\tau \right)=J\left(\tau \right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$J\left(\tau \right)$: Klein’s complete invariant, $\tau$: complex variable and $𝒜$: bilinear transformation

Referenced by:

§23.18

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.18.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.18, §23.18 and Ch.23

► $J\left(\tau \right)$ is a modular form of level zero for SL$(2,\mathbb{Z})$. …

16: 23.8 Trigonometric Series and Products

… ►

23.8.1 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)+\frac{{\eta }_1}{{\omega }_1}-\frac{{\pi }^2}{4{\omega }_1^2}{\csc }^2\left(\frac{\pi z}{2{\omega }_1}\right)=-\frac{2{\pi }^2}{{\omega }_1^2}\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{n{q}^{2n}}{1-q^{2n}}\cos \left(\frac{n\pi z}{{\omega }_1}\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\csc z$: cosecant function, $\cos z$: cosine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $n$: integer, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.8.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.8(i), §23.8 and Ch.23

►

23.8.2 $$\zeta \left(z\right)-\frac{{\eta }_{1}z}{{\omega }_1}-\frac{\pi }{2{\omega }_1}\cot \left(\frac{\pi z}{2{\omega }_1}\right)=\frac{2\pi }{{\omega }_1}\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q^{2n}}{1-q^{2n}}\sin \left(\frac{n\pi z}{{\omega }_1}\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(z\right)$ (= $\zeta \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cot z$: cotangent function, $\sin z$: sine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $n$: integer, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.8.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.8(i), §23.8 and Ch.23

… ►

23.8.3 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)=-\frac{{\eta }_1}{{\omega }_1}+\frac{{\pi }^2}{4{\omega }_1^2}\sum _{n=-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\csc }^2\left(\frac{\pi (z+2n{\omega }_3)}{2{\omega }_1}\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\csc z$: cosecant function, $𝕃$: lattice, $n$: integer, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.8.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.8(ii), §23.8 and Ch.23

►

23.8.4 $$\zeta \left(z\right)=\frac{{\eta }_{1}z}{{\omega }_1}+\frac{\pi }{2{\omega }_1}\sum _{n=-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\cot \left(\frac{\pi (z+2n{\omega }_3)}{2{\omega }_1}\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(z\right)$ (= $\zeta \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cot z$: cotangent function, $𝕃$: lattice, $n$: integer, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

Referenced by:

§23.8(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.8.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.8(ii), §23.8 and Ch.23

… ►

23.8.6 $$\sigma \left(z\right)=\frac{2{\omega }_1}{\pi }\exp \left(\frac{{\eta }_1{z}^2}{2{\omega }_1}\right)\sin \left(\frac{\pi z}{2{\omega }_1}\right)\prod _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1-2q^{2n}\cos \left(\pi z/{\omega }_1\right)+q^{4n}}{{(1-q^{2n})}^2},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sigma \left(z\right)$ (= $\sigma \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\sigma (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass sigma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\sin z$: sine function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $n$: integer, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.8.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.8(iii), §23.8 and Ch.23

…

17: 23.21 Physical Applications

… ►The Weierstrass function $\mathrm{\wp }$ plays a similar role for cubic potentials in canonical form $g_3+g_{2}x-4x^3$. … ►

23.21.5 $$\left(\mathrm{\wp }\left(v\right)-\mathrm{\wp }\left(w\right)\right)\left(\mathrm{\wp }\left(w\right)-\mathrm{\wp }\left(u\right)\right)\left(\mathrm{\wp }\left(u\right)-\mathrm{\wp }\left(v\right)\right){\nabla }^2=\left(\mathrm{\wp }\left(w\right)-\mathrm{\wp }\left(v\right)\right)\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial u}^2}+\left(\mathrm{\wp }\left(u\right)-\mathrm{\wp }\left(w\right)\right)\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial v}^2}+\left(\mathrm{\wp }\left(v\right)-\mathrm{\wp }\left(u\right)\right)\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial w}^2}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $𝕃$: lattice, $u$: change of variable, $v$: change of variable and $w$: change of variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.21.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.21(iii), §23.21 and Ch.23

…

18: 23.5 Special Lattices

… ►The Weierstrass functions take real values on the real axis iff the lattice is fixed under complex conjugation: $𝕃=\overline{𝕃}$; equivalently, when $g_2,g_3\in ℝ$. … ►Also, $e_2$ and $g_3$ have opposite signs unless ${\omega }_3=\mathrm{i}{\omega }_1$, in which event both are zero. … ►

$g_3=0.$

… ► $e_1$ and $g_3$ have the same sign unless $2{\omega }_3=(1+\mathrm{i}){\omega }_1$ when both are zero: the pseudo-lemniscatic case. … ►and the lattice roots and invariants are given by …

19: 23.6 Relations to Other Functions

… ►

23.6.9 $$\sigma \left(z\right)=2{\omega }_1\exp \left(\frac{{\eta }_1{z}^2}{2{\omega }_1}\right)\frac{{\theta }_1(\pi z/(2{\omega }_1),q)}{\pi {\theta }_1^{\prime }(0,q)},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\theta }_j(z,q)$: theta function, $\sigma \left(z\right)$ (= $\sigma \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\sigma (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass sigma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\exp z$: exponential function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

A&S Ref:

18.10.8

Referenced by:

§23.22(i), §23.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.6.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.6(i), §23.6 and Ch.23

►

23.6.10 $$\sigma \left({\omega }_1\right)=2{\omega }_1\frac{\exp \left(\frac{1}{2}{\eta }_1{\omega }_1\right){\theta }_2(0,q)}{\pi {\theta }_1^{\prime }(0,q)},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\theta }_j(z,q)$: theta function, $\sigma \left(z\right)$ (= $\sigma \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\sigma (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass sigma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\exp z$: exponential function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

Referenced by:

§23.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.6.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.6(i), §23.6 and Ch.23

… ►

23.6.13 $$\zeta \left(u\right)=\frac{{\eta }_1}{{\omega }_1}u+\frac{\pi }{2{\omega }_1}\frac{d}{dz}\ln {\theta }_1(z,q),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\theta }_j(z,q)$: theta function, $\zeta \left(z\right)$ (= $\zeta \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $𝕃$: lattice, $q$: nome, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators, ${\eta }_j$: complex number and $u$: change of variable

Referenced by:

§23.22(i), §23.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.6.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.6(i), §23.6 and Ch.23

… ►

23.6.21 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_1=\frac{K^2}{{\omega }_1^2}{\mathrm{cs}}^2(\frac{Kz}{{\omega }_1},k),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{cs}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $𝕃$: lattice, $z$: complex, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and $k$: modulus

Referenced by:

§23.6(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.6.E21

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.6(ii), §23.6 and Ch.23

… ►

23.6.36 $$w={\int }_z^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{du}{\sqrt{4u^3-g_{2}u-g_3}}=\frac{1}{2}{\int }_z^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{du}{\sqrt{(u-e_1)(u-e_2)(u-e_3)}},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots, $g_j$: Weierstrass lattice invariants $g_2$, $g_3$ , $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $𝕃$: lattice and $z$: complex

Referenced by:

(19.25.35), §19.25(vi)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.6.E36

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.6(iv), §23.6(iv), §23.6 and Ch.23

…

20: 23.15 Definitions

… ►

§23.15(ii) Functions $\lambda \left(\tau \right)$, $J\left(\tau \right)$, $\eta \left(\tau \right)$

… ►

Klein’s Complete Invariant

►

23.15.7 $$J\left(\tau \right)=\frac{{\left({\theta }_2^8(0,q)+{\theta }_3^8(0,q)+{\theta }_4^8(0,q)\right)}^3}{54{\left({\theta }_1^{\prime }(0,q)\right)}^8},$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$J\left(\tau \right)$: Klein’s complete invariant

Symbols:

${\theta }_j(z,q)$: theta function, $q$: nome and $\tau$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.15.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.15(ii), §23.15(ii), §23.15 and Ch.23

…