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11: 16.13 Appell Functions

§16.13 Appell Functions

►The following four functions of two real or complex variables $x$ and $y$ cannot be expressed as a product of two ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}$ functions, in general, but they satisfy partial differential equations that resemble the hypergeometric differential equation (15.10.1): ►

16.13.1 $$F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)=\sum _{m,n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\alpha \right)}_{m+n}{\left(\beta \right)}_m{\left({\beta }^{\prime }\right)}_n}{{\left(\gamma \right)}_{m+n}m!n!}{x}^m{y}^n,$$ ,

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Defines:

$F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)$: first Appell function

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.13.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.13 and Ch.16

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16.13.4 $$F_4(\alpha ,\beta ;\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x,y)=\sum _{m,n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\alpha \right)}_{m+n}{\left(\beta \right)}_{m+n}}{{\left(\gamma \right)}_m{\left({\gamma }^{\prime }\right)}_{n}m!n!}{x}^m{y}^n,$$ .

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Defines:

$F_4(\alpha ,\beta ;\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x,y)$: fourth Appell function

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.13.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.13 and Ch.16

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12: 11.9 Lommel Functions

§11.9 Lommel Functions

… ►can be regarded as a generalization of (11.2.7). Provided that $\mu \pm \nu \ne -1,-3,-5,\mathrm{\dots }$, (11.9.1) has the general solution … ► … ►

13: 9.12 Scorer Functions

§9.12 Scorer Functions

… ►The general solution is given by … ► $-\mathrm{Gi}\left(x\right)$ is a numerically satisfactory companion to the complementary functions $\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right)$ and $\mathrm{Bi}\left(x\right)$ on the interval . … ► … ►

Functions and Derivatives

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14: 20.2 Definitions and Periodic Properties

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§20.2(i) Fourier Series

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§20.2(ii) Periodicity and Quasi-Periodicity

… ►For fixed $z$, each of ${\theta }_1\left(z\right|\tau )/\sin z$, ${\theta }_2\left(z\right|\tau )/\cos z$, ${\theta }_3\left(z\right|\tau )$, and ${\theta }_4\left(z\right|\tau )$ is an analytic function of $\tau$ for $\mathrm{\Im }\tau >0$, with a natural boundary $\mathrm{\Im }\tau =0$, and correspondingly, an analytic function of $q$ for with a natural boundary $\left|q\right|=1$. ►The four points $(0,\pi ,\pi +\tau \pi ,\tau \pi )$ are the vertices of the fundamental parallelogram in the $z$-plane; see Figure 20.2.1. … ►

§20.2(iv) $z$-Zeros

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15: 5.2 Definitions

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§5.2(i) Gamma and Psi Functions

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Euler’s Integral

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5.2.1 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)={\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t}{t}^{z-1}dt,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$.

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Defines:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

6.1.1

Referenced by:

§10.43(iii), (25.11.27), (25.11.28), (25.5.6), (25.5.7), §5.9(i), §5.9(ii), §8.21(ii), (9.12.17)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.2.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §5.2(i), §5.2(i), §5.2 and Ch.5

►When $\mathrm{\Re }z\le 0$, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$ is defined by analytic continuation. It is a meromorphic function with no zeros, and with simple poles of residue ${(-1)}^n/n!$ at $z=-n$. …

16: 5.12 Beta Function

§5.12 Beta Function

… ►In (5.12.1)–(5.12.4) it is assumed $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$ and $\mathrm{\Re }b>0$. … ►In (5.12.8) the fractional powers have their principal values when $w>0$ and $z>0$, and are continued via continuity. … ►When $a,b\in ℂ$ …where the contour starts from an arbitrary point $P$ in the interval $(0,1)$, circles $1$ and then $0$ in the positive sense, circles $1$ and then $0$ in the negative sense, and returns to $P$. …

17: 5.15 Polygamma Functions

§5.15 Polygamma Functions

►The functions ${\psi }^{(n)}\left(z\right)$, $n=1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$, are called the polygamma functions. In particular, ${\psi }^{\prime }\left(z\right)$ is the trigamma function; ${\psi }^{\prime \prime }$, ${\psi }^{(3)}$, ${\psi }^{(4)}$ are the tetra-, penta-, and hexagamma functions respectively. Most properties of these functions follow straightforwardly by differentiation of properties of the psi function. … ►For $B_{2k}$ see §24.2(i). …

18: 31.1 Special Notation

… ►(For other notation see Notation for the Special Functions.) ► ►►

$x$, $y$	real variables.
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►The main functions treated in this chapter are $H\mathrm{\ell }(a,q;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$, $(s_1,s_2){\mathrm{𝐻𝑓}}_m(a,q_m;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$, $(s_1,s_2){\mathrm{𝐻𝑓}}_m^{\nu }(a,q_m;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$, and the polynomial ${\mathrm{𝐻𝑝}}_{n,m}(a,q_{n,m};-n,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$. …Sometimes the parameters are suppressed.

19: 19.2 Definitions

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§19.2(i) General Elliptic Integrals

… ►Here $a,b,p$ are real parameters, and $k_c$ and $x$ are real or complex variables, with $p\ne 0$, $k_c\ne 0$. If , then the integral in (19.2.11) is a Cauchy principal value. … ►

§19.2(iv) A Related Function: $R_C(x,y)$

… ►where the Cauchy principal value is taken if . …

20: 4.2 Definitions

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§4.2(i) The Logarithm

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§4.2(ii) Logarithms to a General Base $a$

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§4.2(iii) The Exponential Function

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§4.2(iv) Powers

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Powers with General Bases

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