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1: 30.5 Functions of the Second Kind

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30.5.1 $${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2),$$ $n=m,m+1,m+2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the second kind, $x$: real variable, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n\ge m$: integer degree and ${\gamma }^2$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/30.5.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §30.5 and Ch.30

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30.5.2 $${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(-x,{\gamma }^2)={(-1)}^{n-m+1}{\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2),$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the second kind, $x$: real variable, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n\ge m$: integer degree and ${\gamma }^2$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/30.5.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §30.5 and Ch.30

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30.5.3 $${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,0)={𝖰}_n^m\left(x\right);$$

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Symbols:

: Ferrers function of the second kind, ${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the second kind, $x$: real variable, $m$: nonnegative integer and $n\ge m$: integer degree

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/30.5.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §30.5 and Ch.30

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30.5.4 $$𝒲\left\{{\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2),{\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)\right\}=\frac{(n+m)!}{(1-x^2)(n-m)!}{A}_n^m({\gamma }^2)A_n^{-m}({\gamma }^2)(\ne 0),$$

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Symbols:

$𝒲$: Wronskian, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the first kind, ${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the second kind, $x$: real variable, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n\ge m$: integer degree, $A_n^m({\gamma }^2)$ and ${\gamma }^2$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/30.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §30.5 and Ch.30

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2: 30.4 Functions of the First Kind

… ►The eigenfunctions of (30.2.1) that correspond to the eigenvalues ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ are denoted by ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$, $n=m,m+1,m+2,\mathrm{\dots }$. …the sign of ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(0,{\gamma }^2)$ being ${(-1)}^{(n+m)/2}$ when $n-m$ is even, and the sign of ${d{\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)/dx|}_{x=0}$ being ${(-1)}^{(n+m-1)/2}$ when $n-m$ is odd. ►When ${\gamma }^2>0$ ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$ is the prolate angular spheroidal wave function, and when ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$ is the oblate angular spheroidal wave function. If $\gamma =0$, ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,0)$ reduces to the Ferrers function ${𝖯}_n^m\left(x\right)$: … ► ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$ has exactly $n-m$ zeros in the interval . …

3: 30.1 Special Notation

… ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the eigenvalues ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ and the spheroidal wave functions ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$, ${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$, ${\mathrm{𝑃𝑠}}_n^m(z,{\gamma }^2)$, ${\mathrm{𝑄𝑠}}_n^m(z,{\gamma }^2)$, and $S_n^{m(j)}(z,\gamma )$, $j=1,2,3,4$. …Meixner and Schäfke (1954) use $\mathrm{ps}$, $\mathrm{qs}$, $\mathrm{Ps}$, $\mathrm{Qs}$ for $\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}$, $\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}$, $\mathrm{𝑃𝑠}$, $\mathrm{𝑄𝑠}$, respectively. … ►Flammer (1957) and Abramowitz and Stegun (1964) use ${\lambda }_{mn}(\gamma )$ for ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)+{\gamma }^2$, $R_{mn}^{(j)}(\gamma ,z)$ for $S_n^{m(j)}(z,\gamma )$, and ►

$S_{mn}^{(1)}(\gamma ,x)=d_{mn}(\gamma ){\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2),$

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$S_{mn}^{(2)}(\gamma ,x)=d_{mn}(\gamma ){\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2),$

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4: 30.7 Graphics

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Figure 30.7.5: ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^0(x,4)$, $n=0,1,2,3$, $-1\le x\le 1$. Magnify

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Figure 30.7.6: ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^0(x,-4)$, $n=0,1,2,3$, $-1\le x\le 1$. Magnify

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Figure 30.7.7: ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^1(x,30)$, $n=1,2,3,4$, $-1\le x\le 1$. Magnify

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Figure 30.7.8: ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^1(x,-30)$, $n=1,2,3,4$, $-1\le x\le 1$. Magnify

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Figure 30.7.11: ${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^0(x,4)$, $n=0,1,2,3$, . Magnify

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5: 14.22 Graphics

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Figure 14.22.1: $P_{1/2}^0\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$, $-5\le x\le 5$, $-5\le y\le 5$. There is a cut along the real axis from $-\mathrm{\infty }$ to $-1$. Magnify 3D Help

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Figure 14.22.2: $P_{1/2}^{-1/2}\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$, $-5\le x\le 5$, $-5\le y\le 5$. There is a cut along the real axis from $-\mathrm{\infty }$ to $1$. Magnify 3D Help

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Figure 14.22.3: $P_{1/2}^{-1}\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$, $-5\le x\le 5$, $-5\le y\le 5$. There is a cut along the real axis from $-\mathrm{\infty }$ to $1$. Magnify 3D Help

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Figure 14.22.4: ${𝑸}_0^0\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)$, $-5\le x\le 5$, $-5\le y\le 5$. There is a cut along the real axis from $-1$ to $1$. Magnify 3D Help

6: 30.10 Series and Integrals

… ►Integrals and integral equations for ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$ are given in Arscott (1964b, §8.6), Erdélyi et al. (1955, §16.13), Flammer (1957, Chapter 5), and Meixner (1951). …

7: 4.37 Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

… ►These functions are analytic in the cut plane depicted in Figure 4.37.1(iv), (v), (vi), respectively. … ►

§4.37(iv) Logarithmic Forms

… ►On the cuts … ►On the part of the cuts from $-1$ to $1$ … ►On the cuts …

8: 30.6 Functions of Complex Argument

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30.6.4 $${\mathrm{𝑃𝑠}}_n^m(x\pm \mathrm{i}0,{\gamma }^2)={(\mp \mathrm{i})}^m{\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, ${\mathrm{𝑃𝑠}}_n^m(z,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of complex argument, ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the first kind, $x$: real variable, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n\ge m$: integer degree and ${\gamma }^2$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/30.6.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §30.6, §30.6 and Ch.30

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30.6.5 $${\mathrm{𝑄𝑠}}_n^m(x\pm \mathrm{i}0,{\gamma }^2)={(\mp \mathrm{i})}^m\left({\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)\mp \frac{1}{2}\mathrm{i}\pi {\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, ${\mathrm{𝑄𝑠}}_n^m(z,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of complex argument, ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the first kind, ${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$: spheroidal wave function of the second kind, $x$: real variable, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n\ge m$: integer degree and ${\gamma }^2$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/30.6.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §30.6, §30.6 and Ch.30

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9: 4.2 Definitions

… ►Most texts extend the definition of the principal value to include the branch cut …where $k$ is the excess of the number of times the path in (4.2.1) crosses the negative real axis in the positive sense over the number of times in the negative sense. ►In the DLMF we allow a further extension by regarding the cut as representing two sets of points, one set corresponding to the “upper side” and denoted by $z=x+\mathrm{i}0$, the other set corresponding to the “lower side” and denoted by $z=x-\mathrm{i}0$. …Consequently $\ln z$ is two-valued on the cut, and discontinuous across the cut. … ►This is an analytic function of $z$ on $ℂ\setminus (-\mathrm{\infty },0]$, and is two-valued and discontinuous on the cut shown in Figure 4.2.1, unless $a\in \mathbb{Z}$. …

10: 4.39 Continued Fractions

… ►where $z$ is in the open cut plane of Figure 4.37.1(i). …where $z$ is in the open cut plane of Figure 4.37.1(iii). …