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1: 25.18 Methods of Computation

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§25.18(ii) Zeros

►Most numerical calculations of the Riemann zeta function are concerned with locating zeros of $\zeta \left(\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}t\right)$ in an effort to prove or disprove the Riemann hypothesis, which states that all nontrivial zeros of $\zeta \left(s\right)$ lie on the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. Calculations to date (2008) have found no nontrivial zeros off the critical line. …

2: 25.10 Zeros

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§25.10(i) Distribution

… ►In the region , called the critical strip, $\zeta \left(s\right)$ has infinitely many zeros, distributed symmetrically about the real axis and about the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. … ►Calculations relating to the zeros on the critical line make use of the real-valued function … ►Calculations based on the Riemann–Siegel formula reveal that the first ten billion zeros of $\zeta \left(s\right)$ in the critical strip are on the critical line (van de Lune et al. (1986)). More than 41% of all the zeros in the critical strip lie on the critical line (Bui et al. (2011)). …

3: 25.17 Physical Applications

… ►Analogies exist between the distribution of the zeros of $\zeta \left(s\right)$ on the critical line and of semiclassical quantum eigenvalues. …

4: 8.22 Mathematical Applications

… ►The function $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$, with $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{1}{2}\pi$ and $\mathrm{ph}z=\frac{1}{2}\pi$, has an intimate connection with the Riemann zeta function $\zeta \left(s\right)$ (§25.2(i)) on the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. …

5: 25.15 Dirichlet $L$-functions

… ►There are also infinitely many zeros in the critical strip $0\le \mathrm{\Re }s\le 1$, located symmetrically about the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$, but not necessarily symmetrically about the real axis. …

6: Bibliography B

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More than 41% of the zeros of the zeta function are on the critical line. Acta Arith. 150 (1), pp. 35–64.

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External Links:

ISSN 0065-1036, Document, Link, MathReview (Timothy S. Trudgian), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§25.10(ii), §25.10(ii), Erratum (V1.1.4) for Subsection 25.10(ii).

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7: Errata

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In the paragraph immediately below (25.10.4), it was originally stated that “more than one-third of all zeros in the critical strip lie on the critical line.” which referred to Levinson (1974). This sentence has been updated with “one-third” being replaced with “41%” now referring to Bui et al. (2011) (suggested by Gergő Nemes on 2021-08-23).

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8: Bibliography

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Evaluation of Coulomb wave functions along the transition line. Physical Rev. (2) 96, pp. 77–79.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (A. Erdélyi), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§33.12(i).

Encodings:

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Spectrum line profiles: The Voigt function. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 7, pp. 61–88.

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External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

§7.19(iv), §7.21.

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Normal forms of functions near degenerate critical points, the Weyl groups $A_k,D_k,E_k$ and Lagrangian singularities. Funkcional. Anal. i Priložen. 6 (4), pp. 3–25 (Russian).

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Notes:

In Russian. English translation: Functional Anal. Appl., 6(1973), pp. 254–272.

External Links:

MathReview (G. R. Belickii), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§36.2(i).

Encodings:

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Normal forms of functions in the neighborhood of degenerate critical points. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 29 (2(176)), pp. 11–49 (Russian).

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Notes:

Collection of articles dedicated to the memory of Ivan Georgievič Petrovskiĭ (1901–1973), I. In Russian. English translation: Russian Math. Surveys, 29(1974), no. 2, pp. 10–50.

External Links:

Document, MathReview (G. R. Belickii), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§36.2(i).

Encodings:

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Critical points of smooth functions, and their normal forms. Uspehi Mat. Nauk 30 (5(185)), pp. 3–65 (Russian).

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Notes:

In Russian. English translation: Russian Math. Surveys, 30(1975), no. 5, pp. 1–75.

External Links:

Document, MathReview (D. Siersma), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§36.2(i), Ch.36.

Encodings:

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9: 31.15 Stieltjes Polynomials

… ►The zeros $z_k$, $k=1,2,\mathrm{\dots },n$, of the Stieltjes polynomial $S(z)$ are the critical points of the function $G$, that is, points at which $\partial G/\partial {\zeta }_k=0$, $k=1,2,\mathrm{\dots },n$, where …

10: 36.11 Leading-Order Asymptotics

… ►With real critical points (36.4.1) ordered so that … ►

Asymptotics along Symmetry Lines

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