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1: 7.18 Repeated Integrals of the Complementary Error Function
§7.18 Repeated Integrals of the Complementary Error Function
i 1 erfc ( z ) = 2 π e z 2 ,
i 0 erfc ( z ) = erfc z ,
7.18.2 i n erfc ( z ) = z i n 1 erfc ( t ) d t = 2 π z ( t z ) n n ! e t 2 d t .
7.18.7 i n erfc ( z ) = z n i n 1 erfc ( z ) + 1 2 n i n 2 erfc ( z ) , n = 1 , 2 , 3 , .
2: 7.25 Software
§7.25(ii) erf x , erfc x , i n erfc ( x ) , x
§7.25(iii) erf z , erfc z , w ( z ) , z
3: 7.3 Graphics
See accompanying text
Figure 7.3.1: Complementary error functions erfc x and erfc ( 10 x ) , 3 x 3 . Magnify
See accompanying text
Figure 7.3.6: | erfc ( x + i y ) | , 3 x 3 , 3 y 3 . … Magnify 3D Help
4: 7.22 Methods of Computation
§7.22(iii) Repeated Integrals of the Complementary Error Function
The recursion scheme given by (7.18.1) and (7.18.7) can be used for computing i n erfc ( x ) . … The computation of these functions can be based on algorithms for the complementary error function with complex argument; compare (7.19.3). …
5: 7.1 Special Notation
The main functions treated in this chapter are the error function erf z ; the complementary error functions erfc z and w ( z ) ; Dawson’s integral F ( z ) ; the Fresnel integrals ( z ) , C ( z ) , and S ( z ) ; the Goodwin–Staton integral G ( z ) ; the repeated integrals of the complementary error function i n erfc ( z ) ; the Voigt functions 𝖴 ( x , t ) and 𝖵 ( x , t ) . Alternative notations are Q ( z ) = 1 2 erfc ( z / 2 ) , P ( z ) = Φ ( z ) = 1 2 erfc ( z / 2 ) , Erf z = 1 2 π erf z , Erfi z = e z 2 F ( z ) , C 1 ( z ) = C ( 2 / π z ) , S 1 ( z ) = S ( 2 / π z ) , C 2 ( z ) = C ( 2 z / π ) , S 2 ( z ) = S ( 2 z / π ) . …
6: 7.24 Approximations
  • Hastings (1955) gives several minimax polynomial and rational approximations for erf x , erfc x and the auxiliary functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) .

  • Cody (1969) provides minimax rational approximations for erf x and erfc x . The maximum relative precision is about 20S.

  • Schonfelder (1978) gives coefficients of Chebyshev expansions for x 1 erf x on 0 x 2 , for x e x 2 erfc x on [ 2 , ) , and for e x 2 erfc x on [ 0 , ) (30D).

  • Shepherd and Laframboise (1981) gives coefficients of Chebyshev series for ( 1 + 2 x ) e x 2 erfc x on ( 0 , ) (22D).

  • Luke (1969b, vol. 2, pp. 422–435) gives main diagonal Padé approximations for F ( z ) , erf z , erfc z , C ( z ) , and S ( z ) ; approximate errors are given for a selection of z -values.

  • 7: 7.9 Continued Fractions
    7.9.1 π e z 2 erfc z = z z 2 + 1 2 1 + 1 z 2 + 3 2 1 + 2 z 2 + , z > 0 ,
    7.9.2 π e z 2 erfc z = 2 z 2 z 2 + 1 1 2 2 z 2 + 5 3 4 2 z 2 + 9 , z > 0 ,
    8: 7.17 Inverse Error Functions
    The inverses of the functions x = erf y , x = erfc y , y , are denoted by …
    y = inverfc x ,
    §7.17(iii) Asymptotic Expansion of inverfc x for Small x
    7.17.3 inverfc x u 1 / 2 + a 2 u 3 / 2 + a 3 u 5 / 2 + a 4 u 7 / 2 + ,
    9: 7.21 Physical Applications
    §7.21 Physical Applications
    Carslaw and Jaeger (1959) gives many applications and points out the importance of the repeated integrals of the complementary error function i n erfc ( z ) . …
    10: 7.23 Tables
  • Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 7) includes erf x , ( 2 / π ) e x 2 , x [ 0 , 2 ] , 10D; ( 2 / π ) e x 2 , x [ 2 , 10 ] , 8S; x e x 2 erfc x , x 2 [ 0 , 0.25 ] , 7D; 2 n Γ ( 1 2 n + 1 ) i n erfc ( x ) , n = 1 ( 1 ) 6 , 10 , 11 , x [ 0 , 5 ] , 6S; F ( x ) , x [ 0 , 2 ] , 10D; x F ( x ) , x 2 [ 0 , 0.25 ] , 9D; C ( x ) , S ( x ) , x [ 0 , 5 ] , 7D; f ( x ) , g ( x ) , x [ 0 , 1 ] , x 1 [ 0 , 1 ] , 15D.

  • Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 637, 639) includes ( 2 / π ) e x 2 , erf x , x = 0 ( .02 ) 1 ( .04 ) 3 , 8D; C ( x ) , S ( x ) , x = 0 ( .2 ) 10 ( 2 ) 100 ( 100 ) 500 , 8D.

  • Fettis et al. (1973) gives the first 100 zeros of erf z and w ( z ) (the table on page 406 of this reference is for w ( z ) , not for erfc z ), 11S.