behavior at singularities

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1: 14.8 Behavior at Singularities

§14.8 Behavior at Singularities

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14.8.16 $${𝑸}_{-n-(1/2)}^{\mu }\left(x\right)\sim \frac{{\pi }^{1/2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu +n+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{n!\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu -n+\frac{1}{2}\right){(2x)}^{n+(1/2)}},$$ $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, $\mu -n+\frac{1}{2}\ne 0,-1,-2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: Olver’s associated Legendre function, $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $x$: real variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $\mu$: general order

Referenced by:

§14.21(iii), §14.8(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.8.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.8(iii), §14.8 and Ch.14

2: 14.21 Definitions and Basic Properties

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§14.21(iii) Properties

… ►This includes, for example, the Wronskian relations (14.2.7)–(14.2.11); hypergeometric representations (14.3.6)–(14.3.10) and (14.3.15)–(14.3.20); results for integer orders (14.6.3)–(14.6.5), (14.6.7), (14.6.8), (14.7.6), (14.7.7), and (14.7.11)–(14.7.16); behavior at singularities (14.8.7)–(14.8.16); connection formulas (14.9.11)–(14.9.16); recurrence relations (14.10.3)–(14.10.7). …

3: 14.20 Conical (or Mehler) Functions

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§14.20(iii) Behavior as $x\to 1$

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4: 19.12 Asymptotic Approximations

… ►With $\psi \left(x\right)$ denoting the digamma function (§5.2(i)) in this subsection, the asymptotic behavior of $K\left(k\right)$ and $E\left(k\right)$ near the singularity at $k=1$ is given by the following convergent series: …

5: 2.10 Sums and Sequences

… ►For extensions of the Euler–Maclaurin formula to functions $f(x)$ with singularities at $x=a$ or $x=n$ (or both) see Sidi (2004, 2012b, 2012a). … ►We seek the behavior as $x\to +\mathrm{\infty }$. … ►

On the circle $|z|=r$, the function $f(z)-g(z)$ has a finite number of singularities, and at each singularity $z_j$, say,

2.10.30 $$f(z)-g(z)=O\left({(z-z_j)}^{{\sigma }_j-1}\right),$$ $z\to z_j$,

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $f(x)$: analytic function, $g(z)$: comparison function and ${\sigma }_j$: positive constant

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/2.10.E30

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §2.10(iv), §2.10 and Ch.2

where ${\sigma }_j$ is a positive constant.

… ►The singularities of $f(z)$ on the unit circle are branch points at $z={\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \mathrm{i}\alpha }$. To match the limiting behavior of $f(z)$ at these points we set …

6: 8.12 Uniform Asymptotic Expansions for Large Parameter

… ►The right-hand sides of equations (8.12.9), (8.12.10) have removable singularities at $\eta =0$, and the Maclaurin series expansion of $c_k(\eta )$ is given by … ►For the asymptotic behavior of $c_k(\eta )$ as $k\to \mathrm{\infty }$ see Dunster et al. (1998) and Olde Daalhuis (1998c). … ►A different type of uniform expansion with coefficients that do not possess a removable singularity at $z=a$ is given by …

7: 2.7 Differential Equations

… ►All solutions are analytic at an ordinary point, and their Taylor-series expansions are found by equating coefficients. … ►If both $(z-z_0)f(z)$ and ${(z-z_0)}^{2}g(z)$ are analytic at $z_0$, then $z_0$ is a regular singularity (or singularity of the first kind). … ►The most common type of irregular singularity for special functions has rank 1 and is located at infinity. … ►The transformed differential equation either has a regular singularity at $t=\mathrm{\infty }$, or its characteristic equation has unequal roots. … ►For irregular singularities of nonclassifiable rank, a powerful tool for finding the asymptotic behavior of solutions, complete with error bounds, is as follows: …

8: 1.8 Fourier Series

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Lebesgue Constants

… ►(1.8.10) continues to apply if either $a$ or $b$ or both are infinite and/or $f(x)$ has finitely many singularities in $(a,b)$, provided that the integral converges uniformly (§1.5(iv)) at $a,b$, and the singularities for all sufficiently large $\lambda$. … ►Let $f(x)$ be an absolutely integrable function of period $2\pi$, and continuous except at a finite number of points in any bounded interval. …at every point at which $f(x)$ has both a left-hand derivative (that is, (1.4.4) applies when $h\to 0-$) and a right-hand derivative (that is, (1.4.4) applies when $h\to 0+$). The convergence is non-uniform, however, at points where $f(x-)\ne f(x+)$; see §6.16(i). …

9: 1.18 Linear Second Order Differential Operators and Eigenfunction Expansions

… ► … ►Note that the integral in (1.18.66) is not singular if approached separately from above, or below, the real axis: in fact analytic continuation from the upper half of the complex plane, across the cut, and onto higher Riemann Sheets can access complex poles with singularities at discrete energies ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{res}}-\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\mathrm{res}}/2$ corresponding to quantum resonances, or decaying quantum states with lifetimes proportional to $1/{\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{\mathrm{res}}$. For this latter see Simon (1973), and Reinhardt (1982); wherein advantage is taken of the fact that although branch points are actual singularities of an analytic function, the location of the branch cuts are often at our disposal, as they are not singularities of the function, but simply arbitrary lines to keep a function single valued, and thus only singularities of a specific representation of that analytic function. … ►In unusual cases $N=\mathrm{\infty }$, even for all $\mathrm{\ell }$, such as in the case of the Schrödinger–Coulomb problem ($V=-r^{-1}$) discussed in §18.39 and §33.14, where the point spectrum actually accumulates at the onset of the continuum at $\lambda =0$, implying an essential singularity, as well as a branch point, in matrix elements of the resolvent, (1.18.66). … ►Similarly at $b$. …

10: Bibliography B

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Singularities in Waves and Rays. In Les Houches Lecture Series Session XXXV, R. Balian, M. Kléman, and J.-P. Poirier (Eds.), Vol. 35, pp. 453–543.

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Referenced by:

§36.14(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals with stationary point near algebraic singularity. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 19, pp. 353–370.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (J. G. van der Corput), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.3(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals with many nearby stationary points and algebraic singularities. J. Math. Mech. 17, pp. 533–559.

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External Links:

MathReview (A. Erdélyi), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§36.12(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Asymptotic behavior of the Pollaczek polynomials and their zeros. Stud. Appl. Math. 96, pp. 307–338.

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External Links:

ISSN 0022-2526, MathReview (Harold Exton), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.35(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The behavior at unit argument of the hypergeometric function ${}_3{}^{}F_2^{}$ . SIAM J. Math. Anal. 18 (5), pp. 1227–1234.

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External Links:

ISSN 0036-1410, Document, MathReview (K. M. Saksena), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§16.8(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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