asymptotic expansions for small parameters

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1: 2.5 Mellin Transform Methods

… ►

§2.5(iii) Laplace Transforms with Small Parameters

… ►For examples in which the integral defining the Mellin transform $ℳh\left(z\right)$ does not exist for any value of $z$, see Wong (1989, Chapter 3), Bleistein and Handelsman (1975, Chapter 4), and Handelsman and Lew (1970).

2: 12.9 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Variable

… ►

12.9.1 $$U(a,z)\sim {\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{z}^{-a-\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^s\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}+a\right)}_{2s}}{s!{(2z^2)}^s},$$ ,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $s$: nonnegative integer, $a$: real or complex parameter and $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant

A&S Ref:

19.8.1 (modification of)

Referenced by:

§12.9(i), §12.9(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.9.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.9(i), §12.9 and Ch.12

►

12.9.2 $$V(a,z)\sim \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi }}{\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{z}^{a-\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}-a\right)}_{2s}}{s!{(2z^2)}^s},$$ .

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $V(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $s$: nonnegative integer, $a$: real or complex parameter and $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant

A&S Ref:

19.8.2 (modification of)

Referenced by:

§12.9(i), §12.9(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.9.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.9(i), §12.9 and Ch.12

►

12.9.3 $$U(a,z)\sim {\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{z}^{-a-\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^s\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}+a\right)}_{2s}}{s!{(2z^2)}^s}\pm \mathrm{i}\frac{\sqrt{2\pi }}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}+a\right)}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp \mathrm{i}\pi a}{\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{z}^{a-\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}-a\right)}_{2s}}{s!{(2z^2)}^s},$$ $\frac{1}{4}\pi +\delta \le \pm \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{5}{4}\pi -\delta$ ,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $s$: nonnegative integer, $a$: real or complex parameter and $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.9.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.9(i), §12.9 and Ch.12

►

12.9.4 $$V(a,z)\sim \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi }}{\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{z}^{a-\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}-a\right)}_{2s}}{s!{(2z^2)}^s}\pm \frac{\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}-a\right)}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{z}^{-a-\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^s\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}+a\right)}_{2s}}{s!{(2z^2)}^s},$$ $-\frac{1}{4}\pi +\delta \le \pm \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{3}{4}\pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $V(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $s$: nonnegative integer, $a$: real or complex parameter and $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant

Referenced by:

§12.9(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.9.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.9(i), §12.9 and Ch.12

…

3: 8.20 Asymptotic Expansions of $E_p\left(z\right)$

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8.20.2 $$E_p\left(z\right)\sim \frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}}{z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{{\left(p\right)}_k}{z^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{3}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $p$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer and $\delta$: small positive constant

Referenced by:

§8.20(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.20.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.20(i), §8.20 and Ch.8

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8.20.3 $$E_p\left(z\right)\sim \pm \frac{2\pi \mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(p\right)}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp p\pi \mathrm{i}}{z}^{p-1}+\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}}{z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^k{\left(p\right)}_k}{z^k},$$ $\frac{1}{2}\pi +\delta \le \pm \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{7}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $p$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer and $\delta$: small positive constant

Referenced by:

§2.11(ii), §8.20(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.20.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.20(i), §8.20 and Ch.8

…

4: 10.17 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Argument

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10.17.3 $$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)\sim {\left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(\cos \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{a_{2k}(\nu )}{z^{2k}}-\sin \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{a_{2k+1}(\nu )}{z^{2k+1}}\right),$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\sin z$: sine function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant, $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient and $\omega$

A&S Ref:

9.2.5

Referenced by:

§10.17(i), §10.17(iii), §10.17(iv), §10.18(iii), §10.24, §10.49(i), §10.61(v), §10.7(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.17.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.17(i), §10.17 and Ch.10

►

10.17.4 $$Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)\sim {\left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(\sin \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{a_{2k}(\nu )}{z^{2k}}+\cos \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{a_{2k+1}(\nu )}{z^{2k+1}}\right),$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\sin z$: sine function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant, $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient and $\omega$

A&S Ref:

9.2.6

Referenced by:

§10.17(iii), §10.17(iv), §10.18(iii), §10.24, §10.7(ii), §11.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.17.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.17(i), §10.17 and Ch.10

►

10.17.5 $$H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)\sim {\left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\omega }\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{i}}^k\frac{a_k(\nu )}{z^k},$$ $-\pi +\delta \le \mathrm{ph}z\le 2\pi -\delta$,

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Symbols:

$H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant, $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient and $\omega$

A&S Ref:

9.2.7

Referenced by:

§10.17(i), §10.17(iii), §10.17(iv), §10.41(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.17.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.17(i), §10.17 and Ch.10

… ►

10.17.9 $$J_{\nu }^{\prime }\left(z\right)\sim -{\left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(\sin \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{b_{2k}(\nu )}{z^{2k}}+\cos \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{b_{2k+1}(\nu )}{z^{2k+1}}\right),$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\sin z$: sine function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\omega$ and $b_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.2.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.17.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.17(ii), §10.17 and Ch.10

►

10.17.10 $$Y_{\nu }^{\prime }\left(z\right)\sim {\left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(\cos \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{b_{2k}(\nu )}{z^{2k}}-\sin \omega \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{b_{2k+1}(\nu )}{z^{2k+1}}\right),$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\sin z$: sine function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\omega$ and $b_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.2.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.17.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.17(ii), §10.17 and Ch.10

…

5: 10.19 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

§10.19 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

►

§10.19(i) Asymptotic Forms

… ►

§10.19(ii) Debye’s Expansions

… ►

§10.19(iii) Transition Region

… ►See also §10.20(i).

6: 10.40 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Argument

… ►

10.40.1 $$I_{\nu }\left(z\right)\sim \frac{{\mathrm{e}}^z}{{(2\pi z)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{a_k(\nu )}{z^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{1}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant and $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.7.1

Referenced by:

§10.30(ii), §10.40(i), §10.40(i), §10.40(ii), §10.40(iii), §10.45, §10.67(i), §11.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.40.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.40(i), §10.40 and Ch.10

►

10.40.2 $$K_{\nu }\left(z\right)\sim {\left(\frac{\pi }{2z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{a_k(\nu )}{z^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{3}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the second kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant and $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.7.2

Referenced by:

§10.40(i), §10.40(i), §10.40(ii), §10.40(iii), §10.41(iv), §10.45

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.40.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.40(i), §10.40 and Ch.10

►

10.40.3 $$I_{\nu }^{\prime }\left(z\right)\sim \frac{{\mathrm{e}}^z}{{(2\pi z)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{b_k(\nu )}{z^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{1}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant and $b_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.7.3

Referenced by:

§10.40(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.40.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.40(i), §10.40 and Ch.10

►

10.40.4 $$K_{\nu }^{\prime }\left(z\right)\sim -{\left(\frac{\pi }{2z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{b_k(\nu )}{z^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{3}{2}\pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the second kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant and $b_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.7.4

Referenced by:

§10.40(i), §10.40(i), §10.67(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.40.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.40(i), §10.40 and Ch.10

… ►

10.40.5 $$I_{\nu }\left(z\right)\sim \frac{{\mathrm{e}}^z}{{(2\pi z)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{a_k(\nu )}{z^k}\pm \mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \nu \pi \mathrm{i}}\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}}{{(2\pi z)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{a_k(\nu )}{z^k},$$ $-\frac{1}{2}\pi +\delta \le \pm \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{3}{2}\pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant and $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

Referenced by:

§10.40(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.40.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.40(i), §10.40 and Ch.10

…

7: 8.11 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

… ►

8.11.6 $$\gamma (a,z)\sim -z^a{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-a)}^k{b}_k(\lambda )}{{(z-a)}^{2k+1}},$$ , $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\gamma (a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $x$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $b_k(\lambda )$: coefficients

Notes:

See Paris (2002b)

Referenced by:

§8.11(iii), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

Originally this equation was stated for real variables $a$ and $x(=\lambda a)$, . It has been extended to allow for complex variables $a$ and $z(=\lambda a)$, where and $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(iii), §8.11 and Ch.8

►

8.11.7 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)\sim z^a{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-a)}^k{b}_k(\lambda )}{{(z-a)}^{2k+1}},$$ $\lambda >1$, $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{3\pi }{2}-\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $x$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $b_k(\lambda )$: coefficients

Referenced by:

§8.11(iii), §8.11(iii), §8.11(iii), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

Originally this equation was stated for real variables $a$ and $x(=\lambda a)$, $\lambda >1$. It has been extended to allow for complex variables $a$ and $z(=\lambda a)$, where $\lambda >1$ and $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{3\pi }{2}-\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(iii), §8.11 and Ch.8

…

8: 11.6 Asymptotic Expansions

… ►

11.6.6 $${𝐊}_{\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)\sim \frac{{(\frac{1}{2}\lambda \nu )}^{\nu -1}}{\sqrt{\pi }\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +\frac{1}{2}\right)}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{k!c_k(\lambda )}{{\nu }^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \frac{1}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${𝐊}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Struve function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\nu$: real or complex order, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $c_k(\lambda )$: expansion function

A&S Ref:

12.1.34

Referenced by:

§11.6(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.6.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §11.6(iii), §11.6 and Ch.11

… ►

11.6.7 $${𝐌}_{\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)\sim -\frac{{(\frac{1}{2}\lambda \nu )}^{\nu -1}}{\sqrt{\pi }\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +\frac{1}{2}\right)}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{k!c_k(\mathrm{i}\lambda )}{{\nu }^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \frac{1}{2}\pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${𝐌}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Struve function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\nu$: real or complex order, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $c_k(\lambda )$: expansion function

Referenced by:

§11.6(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.6.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §11.6(iii), §11.6 and Ch.11

…

9: 11.11 Asymptotic Expansions of Anger–Weber Functions

… ►

11.11.8 $${𝐀}_{\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)\sim \frac{1}{\pi }\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(2k)!a_k(\lambda )}{{\nu }^{2k+1}},$$ $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${𝐀}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Anger–Weber function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\nu$: real or complex order, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $a_k(\lambda )$: expansion function

Sources:

Meijer (1932); Watson (1944, §10.15); Olver (1997b, pp. 103 and 352); Nemes (2014b); Nemes (2014c)

Referenced by:

(11.11.18), (11.11.19), §11.11(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.11.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.1.2):

The constraint which originally was $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, , has been replaced to be $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \pi -\delta$.

Suggested 2021-04-05 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §11.11(iii), §11.11 and Ch.11

… ►

11.11.10 $${𝐀}_{-\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)\sim -\frac{1}{\pi }\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(2k)!a_k(-\lambda )}{{\nu }^{2k+1}},$$ $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

${𝐀}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Anger–Weber function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\nu$: real or complex order, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $a_k(\lambda )$: expansion function

Sources:

Meijer (1932); Watson (1944, §10.15); Olver (1997b, pp. 103 and 352); Nemes (2014b); Nemes (2014c)

Proof sketch:

Apply Laplace’s method to the integral (11.10.4).

Referenced by:

(11.11.18), (11.11.19), §11.11(iii), §11.11(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.11.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.1.2):

The constraint which was originally $\nu \to +\mathrm{\infty }$, has been extended to be $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \pi -\delta$.

Suggested 2021-04-05 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §11.11(iii), §11.11 and Ch.11

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11.11.11 $${𝐀}_{-\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)\sim {\left(\frac{2}{\pi \nu }\right)}^{1/2}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\nu \mu }\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_k{b}_k(\lambda )}{{\nu }^k},$$ $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), ${𝐀}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Anger–Weber function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\nu$: real or complex order, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: arbitrary small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $b_k(\lambda )$: expansion function

Sources:

Dingle (1973, p. 388); Olver (1997b, pp. 103 and 352)

Proof sketch:

Derivable by applying Laplace’s method to the integral (11.10.4).

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.11.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.1.2):

The constraint which was originally $\nu \to +\mathrm{\infty }$, has been extended to be $\nu \to \mathrm{\infty }$, $|\mathrm{ph}\nu |\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$.

Suggested 2021-04-05 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §11.11(iii), §11.11 and Ch.11

…

10: 8.12 Uniform Asymptotic Expansions for Large Parameter

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8.12.15 $$Q(a,a)\sim \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2\pi a}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{c}_k(0)a^{-k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $Q(a,z)$: normalized incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant and $c_k(\eta )$: coefficients

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.12.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.12 and Ch.8

►

8.12.16 $$\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}a}}{2\mathrm{i}\sin \left(\pi a\right)}Q(-a,a{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}})\sim \pm \frac{1}{2}-\frac{\mathrm{i}}{\sqrt{2\pi a}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{c}_k(0){(-a)}^{-k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $Q(a,z)$: normalized incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\sin z$: sine function, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant and $c_k(\eta )$: coefficients

Referenced by:

(8.12.5), Erratum (V1.0.16) for Equation (8.12.5)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.12.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.12 and Ch.8

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