Stirling formula

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1: 5.11 Asymptotic Expansions

… ►For explicit formulas for $g_k$ in terms of Stirling numbers see Nemes (2013a), and for asymptotic expansions of $g_k$ as $k\to \mathrm{\infty }$ see Boyd (1994) and Nemes (2015a). ►

Terminology

►The expansion (5.11.1) is called Stirling’s series (Whittaker and Watson (1927, §12.33)), whereas the expansion (5.11.3), or sometimes just its leading term, is known as Stirling’s formula (Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, §6.1), Olver (1997b, p. 88)). …

2: Bibliography M

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The $q$-analogue of Stirling’s formula. Rocky Mountain J. Math. 14 (2), pp. 403–413.

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External Links:

ISSN 0035-7596, MathReview (David M. Bressoud), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§5.18(ii).

Encodings:

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3: Bibliography S

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Calculation of the gamma function by Stirling’s formula. Math. Comp. 25 (114), pp. 317–322.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§5.11(i), §5.11(ii).

Encodings:

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4: 8.11 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

… ►This reference also contains explicit formulas for $b_k(\lambda )$ in terms of Stirling numbers and for the case $\lambda >1$ an asymptotic expansion for $b_k(\lambda )$ as $k\to \mathrm{\infty }$. … ►This reference also contains explicit formulas for the coefficients in terms of Stirling numbers. …

5: Bibliography G

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Contiguous relations and summation and transformation formulae for basic hypergeometric series. J. Difference Equ. Appl. 19 (12), pp. 2029–2042.

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External Links:

ISSN 1023-6198, Document, FullText, MathReview (Thomas Britz), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§17.7(iii).

Encodings:

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Construction of Gauss-Christoffel quadrature formulas. Math. Comp. 22, pp. 251–270.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-5718, Document, Link, MathReview (R. E. Barnhill)

Referenced by:

§18.39(iii).

Encodings:

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Tables of binomial coefficients and Stirling numbers. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 80B (1), pp. 99–171.

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External Links:

MathReview (M. S. Cheema), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§26.21.

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Stirling number representation problems. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 11 (3), pp. 447–451.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview (L. Carlitz), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§26.1, §26.1, Notations S, Notations S.

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Explicit formulas for Bernoulli numbers. Amer. Math. Monthly 79, pp. 44–51.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview (B. M. Stewart), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.15(iii), §24.6.

Encodings:

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6: Bibliography J

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Tables of Functions with Formulae and Curves. 4th edition, Dover Publications, New York.

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Notes:

Contains corrections and enlargements of earlier editions. Originally published by B. G. Teubner, Leipzig, in 1933. In German and English.

External Links:

MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

2nd item, §20.15, §5.1, Notations P, E. Jahnke, F. Emde, and F. Lösch (1966).

Encodings:

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Sur l’inversion de $y^{\alpha }{e}^y$ au moyen des nombres de Stirling associés. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 320 (12), pp. 1449–1452.

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External Links:

ISSN 0764-4442, MathReview (F. Beukers), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(4.13.10).

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Stirling Numbers, Lambert W and the Gamma Function. In Mathematical Aspects of Computer and Information Sciences, J. Blömer, I. S. Kotsireas, T. Kutsia, and D. E. Simos (Eds.), Cham, pp. 275–279.

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External Links:

ISBN 978-3-319-72453-9, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§4.13.

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Asymptotic formulas for the zeros of the Meixner polynomials. J. Approx. Theory 96 (2), pp. 281–300.

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External Links:

ISSN 0021-9045, Document, MathReview (N. Hayek Calil), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.24.

Encodings:

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Efficient implementation of the Hardy-Ramanujan-Rademacher formula. LMS J. Comput. Math. 15, pp. 341–359.

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External Links:

ISSN 1461-1570, Document, Link, MathReview (Tim Huber), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§27.20.

Encodings:

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7: 4.13 Lambert $W$-Function

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4.13.5_2 $$\frac{1}{1+W_0\left(-z\right)}=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{n^n}{n!}{z}^n,$$ .

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Symbols:

$W\left(z\right)$: Lambert $W$-function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Notes:

See Corless et al. (1997, formula (14)).

Referenced by:

§4.13, Erratum (V1.1.7) for Expansion

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.13.E5_2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.13 and Ch.4

… ►See Jeffrey and Murdoch (2017) for an explicit representation for the $c_n$ in terms of associated Stirling numbers. … ►For the definition of Stirling cycle numbers of the first kind $\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{k}\right]$ see (26.13.3). … ►

4.13.10 $$W_k\left(z\right)\sim {\xi }_k-\ln {\xi }_k+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n}{{\xi }_k^n}\sum _{m=1}^n\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{n-m+1}\right]\frac{{\left(-\ln {\xi }_k\right)}^m}{m!},$$

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Symbols:

$W\left(z\right)$: Lambert $W$-function, $\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{k}\right]$: Stirling cycle number of the first kind, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $k$: integer, $m$: integer, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Notes:

See Corless et al. (1996, p. 350) and Jeffrey et al. (1995, Theorem 2).

Referenced by:

§4.13, §4.13, §4.45(iii), Erratum (V1.1.7) for Expansion

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.13.E10

Encodings:

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Addition (effective with 1.1.7):

Originally we gave only the first three terms of the infinite series.

See also:

Annotations for §4.13 and Ch.4

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4.13.11 $$W_{\pm 1}\left(x\mp 0\mathrm{i}\right)\sim -\eta -\ln \eta +\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1}{{\eta }^n}\sum _{m=1}^n\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{n-m+1}\right]\frac{{\left(-\ln \eta \right)}^m}{m!},$$

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Symbols:

$W\left(z\right)$: Lambert $W$-function, $\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{k}\right]$: Stirling cycle number of the first kind, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $m$: integer, $n$: integer, $x$: real variable and $\eta$

Notes:

See Corless et al. (1996, p. 350).

Referenced by:

§4.13, Erratum (V1.1.2) for Equation (4.13.11), Erratum (V1.1.7) for Expansion

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.13.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.7):

Originally we gave only the first three terms of the infinite series.

See also:

Annotations for §4.13 and Ch.4

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8: Bibliography B

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Mathieu functions of general order: Connection formulae, base functions and asymptotic formulae. I–V. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 301, pp. 75–162.

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External Links:

ISSN 0080-4614, FullText, MathReview (J. Meixner), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§28.8(iv).

Encodings:

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Character analogues of the Poisson and Euler-MacLaurin summation formulas with applications. J. Number Theory 7 (4), pp. 413–445.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (T. M. Apostol), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.16(ii).

Encodings:

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Periodic Bernoulli numbers, summation formulas and applications. In Theory and Application of Special Functions (Proc. Advanced Sem., Math. Res. Center, Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., 1975), pp. 143–189.

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External Links:

MathReview (L. Carlitz), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.16(iii), §24.8(ii).

Encodings:

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Asymptotics of Stirling numbers of the second kind. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 42 (2), pp. 575–580.

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Notes:

Erratum: same journal v. 48 (1975), p. 518

External Links:

FullText, MathReview (H. A. Lauwerier), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§26.8(vii).

Encodings:

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A uniform asymptotic formula for orthogonal polynomials associated with $\exp (-x^4)$ . J. Approx. Theory 98, pp. 146–166.

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External Links:

ISSN 0021-9045, Document, MathReview (V. L. Deshpande), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.32.

Encodings:

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9: Bibliography C

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A quadrature formula for the Hankel transform. Numer. Algorithms 9 (2), pp. 343–354.

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External Links:

ISSN 1017-1398, Document, MathReview (V. I. Polovinkin), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.74(vii).

Encodings:

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A recurrence formula for $\zeta (2n)$ . Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 12 (6), pp. 991–992.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview (R. D. James)

Referenced by:

§24.14(i).

Encodings:

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Asymptotic estimates for generalized Stirling numbers. Analysis (Munich) 20 (1), pp. 1–13.

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External Links:

ISSN 0174-4747, MathReview (F. T. Howard), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§26.8(vii).

Encodings:

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An extension of a Kummer’s quadratic transformation formula with an application. Proc. Jangjeon Math. Soc. 16 (2), pp. 229–235.

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External Links:

ISSN 1598-7264, MathReview (Petr Blaschke), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§16.6, §16.6.

Encodings:

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An encyclopaedia of cubature formulas. J. Complexity 19 (3), pp. 445–453.

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Notes:

Numerical integration and its complexity (Oberwolfach, 2001)

External Links:

ISSN 0885-064X, Document, Web Page, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.5(x).

Encodings:

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10: Errata

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The title of the paragraph which was previously “Gasper’s $q$-Analog of Clausen’s Formula” has been changed to “Gasper’s $q$-Analog of Clausen’s Formula (16.12.2)”.

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The wording was changed to make the integration variable more apparent.

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Additional keywords are being added to formulas (an ongoing project); these are visible in the associated ‘info boxes’ linked to the icons to the right of each formula, and provide better search capabilities.

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Originally the Stirling number $s(10,6)$ was given incorrectly as 6327. The correct number is 63273.

$n$	$k$
	$0$	$1$	$2$	$3$	$4$	$5$	$6$	$7$	$8$	$9$	$10$
10	$0$	$-\mathrm{3\hspace{0.17em}62880}$	$\mathrm{10\hspace{0.17em}26576}$	$-\mathrm{11\hspace{0.17em}72700}$	$\mathrm{7\hspace{0.17em}23680}$	$-\mathrm{2\hspace{0.17em}69325}$	$63273$	$-9450$	$870$	$-45$	$1$

Reported 2013-11-25 by Svante Janson.

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This subsection now identifies Equations (14.18.6) and (14.18.7) as Christoffel’s Formulas.

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