Lax%20pairs

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1: 32.4 Isomonodromy Problems

… ► ${\text{P}}_{\text{I}}$–${\text{P}}_{\text{VI}}$ can be expressed as the compatibility condition of a linear system, called an isomonodromy problem or Lax pair. Suppose …

2: 18.38 Mathematical Applications

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Integrable Systems

… ►It has elegant structures, including $N$-soliton solutions, Lax pairs, and Bäcklund transformations. …

3: 27.15 Chinese Remainder Theorem

… ►The Chinese remainder theorem states that a system of congruences $x\equiv a_1(mod{m}_1),\mathrm{\dots },x\equiv a_k(mod{m}_k)$, always has a solution if the moduli are relatively prime in pairs; the solution is unique (mod $m$), where $m$ is the product of the moduli. … ►Their product $m$ has 20 digits, twice the number of digits in the data. …These numbers, in turn, are combined by the Chinese remainder theorem to obtain the final result $(modm)$, which is correct to 20 digits. …

4: 20 Theta Functions

Chapter 20 Theta Functions

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5: 17.12 Bailey Pairs

§17.12 Bailey Pairs

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Bailey Pairs

… ►When (17.12.5) is iterated the resulting infinite sequence of Bailey pairs is called a Bailey Chain. … ►The Bailey pair that implies the Rogers–Ramanujan identities §17.2(vi) is: … ►The Bailey pair and Bailey chain concepts have been extended considerably. …

6: 28.17 Stability as $x\to \pm \mathrm{\infty }$

§28.17 Stability as $x\to \pm \mathrm{\infty }$

►If all solutions of (28.2.1) are bounded when $x\to \pm \mathrm{\infty }$ along the real axis, then the corresponding pair of parameters $(a,q)$ is called stable. All other pairs are unstable. ►For example, positive real values of $a$ with $q=0$ comprise stable pairs, as do values of $a$ and $q$ that correspond to real, but noninteger, values of $\nu$. ►However, if $\mathrm{\Im }\nu \ne 0$, then $(a,q)$ always comprises an unstable pair. …

7: 10.75 Tables

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Achenbach (1986) tabulates $J_0\left(x\right)$, $J_1\left(x\right)$, $Y_0\left(x\right)$, $Y_1\left(x\right)$, $x=0(.1)8$, 20D or 18–20S.

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Kerimov and Skorokhodov (1985a) tabulates 5 (nonreal) complex conjugate pairs of zeros of the principal branches of $Y_n\left(z\right)$ and $Y_n^{\prime }\left(z\right)$ for $n=0(1)5$, 8D.

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Bickley et al. (1952) tabulates $x^{-n}{I}_n\left(x\right)$ or ${\mathrm{e}}^{-x}{I}_n\left(x\right)$, $x^n{K}_n\left(x\right)$ or ${\mathrm{e}}^x{K}_n\left(x\right)$, $n=2(1)20$, $x=0$(.01 or .1) 10(.1) 20, 8S; $I_n\left(x\right)$, $K_n\left(x\right)$, $n=0(1)20$, $x=0$ or $0.1(.1)20$, 10S.

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Kerimov and Skorokhodov (1984b) tabulates all zeros of the principal values of $K_n\left(z\right)$ and $K_n^{\prime }\left(z\right)$, for $n=2(1)20$, 9S.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, p. 322) tabulates $\mathrm{ber}x$, ${\mathrm{ber}}^{\prime }x$, $\mathrm{bei}x$, ${\mathrm{bei}}^{\prime }x$, $\ker x$, ${\ker }^{\prime }x$, $\mathrm{kei}x$, ${\mathrm{kei}}^{\prime }x$, $x=0(1)20$, 7S.

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8: 3.8 Nonlinear Equations

… ►Let $z^2-sz-t$ be an approximation to the real quadratic factor of $p(z)$ that corresponds to a pair of conjugate complex zeros or to a pair of real zeros. … ►

3.8.15 $$p(x)=(x-1)(x-2)\mathrm{\cdots }(x-20)$$

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Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/3.8.E15

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §3.8(vi), §3.8(vi), §3.8 and Ch.3

… ►Consider $x=20$ and $j=19$. We have $p^{\prime }(20)=19!$ and $a_{19}=1+2+\mathrm{\cdots }+20=210$. … ►

3.8.16 $$\frac{dx}{d{a}_{19}}=-\frac{{20}^{19}}{19!}=(-4.30\mathrm{\dots })\times {10}^7.$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/3.8.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §3.8(vi), §3.8(vi), §3.8 and Ch.3

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9: 36.5 Stokes Sets

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36.5.4 $$80x^5-40x^4-55x^3+5x^2+20x-1=0,$$

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Symbols:

$x$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.5(ii), §36.5(ii), §36.5 and Ch.36

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36.5.7 $$X=\frac{9}{20}+20u^4-\frac{Y^2}{20u^2}+6u^2\mathrm{sign}\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{sign}x$: sign of, $z$: real parameter, $X$: scaled coordinate and $Y$: scaled coordinate

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.5.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.5(ii), §36.5(ii), §36.5 and Ch.36

… ►They generate a pair of cusp-edged sheets connected to the cusped sheets of the swallowtail bifurcation set (§36.4). …

10: 26.14 Permutations: Order Notation

… ►As an example, $35247816$ is an element of ${𝔖}_8.$ The inversion number is the number of pairs of elements for which the larger element precedes the smaller: … ►A descent of a permutation is a pair of adjacent elements for which the first is larger than the second. …