Laplace equation

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21: 2.3 Integrals of a Real Variable

… ►Assume that the Laplace transform …Then … ►

§2.3(iii) Laplace’s Method

… ►For error bounds for Watson’s lemma and Laplace’s method see Boyd (1993) and Olver (1997b, Chapter 3). These references and Wong (1989, Chapter 2) also contain examples. …

22: Errata

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Equation (16.16.5_5).

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These equations, originally added in Other Changes and Other Changes, respectively, have been assigned interpolated numbers.

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Four of the terms were rewritten for improved clarity.

… ►

has been generalized to cover an additional case.

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These equations have been rewritten to improve the numerical computation of $\arctan x$.

…

23: Bibliography H

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The Laplace transform for expressions that contain a probability function. Bul. Akad. Štiince RSS Moldoven. 1973 (2), pp. 78–80, 93 (Russian).

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External Links:

MathReview (L. Berg)

Referenced by:

§7.14(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Asymptotic expansion of Laplace transforms near the origin. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 1 (1), pp. 118–130.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (E. Riekstiņš), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.5(iii), §2.5(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Poncelet Polygons and the Painlevé Equations. In Geometry and Analysis (Bombay, 1992), Ramanan (Ed.), pp. 151–185.

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External Links:

MathReview (Henrik Pedersen), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Estimates of the stability intervals for Hill’s equation. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (6), pp. 930–932.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview (P. Ungar), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§28.29(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Differential Equations: A Modern Approach. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York.

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Notes:

Reprinted by Dover in 1975.

External Links:

MathReview (Z. Opial), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§29.3(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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24: 9.10 Integrals

… ►Let $w(z)$ be any solution of Airy’s equation (9.2.1). … ►

§9.10(v) Laplace Transforms

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9.10.15 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-pt}\mathrm{Ai}\left(-t\right)dt=\frac{1}{3}{\mathrm{e}}^{p^3/3}\left(\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3}{p}^3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}+\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3}{p}^3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)}\right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }p>0$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $p$: parameter

Keywords:

Laplace transform

Source:

Gibbs (1973, Problem 72–21)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.10.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.10(v), §9.10 and Ch.9

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9.10.16 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-pt}\mathrm{Bi}\left(-t\right)dt=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}{\mathrm{e}}^{p^3/3}\left(\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{2}{3},\frac{1}{3}{p}^3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)}-\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3}{p}^3)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }p>0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $p$: parameter

Keywords:

Laplace transform

Source:

Gibbs (1973, Problem 72–21)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.10.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.10(v), §9.10 and Ch.9

… ►For Laplace transforms of products of Airy functions see Shawagfeh (1992). …

25: 16.15 Integral Representations and Integrals

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16.15.3 $$F_3(\alpha ,{\alpha }^{\prime };\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\gamma \right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\beta \right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left({\beta }^{\prime }\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\gamma -\beta -{\beta }^{\prime }\right)}{\iint }_{\mathrm{\Delta }}\frac{u^{\beta -1}{v}^{{\beta }^{\prime }-1}{(1-u-v)}^{\gamma -\beta -{\beta }^{\prime }-1}}{{(1-ux)}^{\alpha }{(1-vy)}^{{\alpha }^{\prime }}}dudv,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\left(\gamma -\beta -{\beta }^{\prime }\right)>0$, $\mathrm{\Re }\beta >0$, $\mathrm{\Re }{\beta }^{\prime }>0$,

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Symbols:

$F_3(\alpha ,{\alpha }^{\prime };\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)$: third Appell function, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ and $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Notes:

Erdélyi et al. (1953a, 5.8.1(3)) contains a typo.

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.14) for Equation (16.15.3), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Equation (16.15.3)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.15.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.0.14):

A stray “$f$” was removed; it appeared after the comma at the end of this equation.

See also:

Annotations for §16.15 and Ch.16

… ►For inverse Laplace transforms of Appell functions see Prudnikov et al. (1992b, §3.40).

26: Bibliography O

… ►

Tables of Laplace Transforms. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York.

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Notes:

Table errata: Math. Comp. v. 50 (1988), no. 182, pp. 653–654.

External Links:

ISBN 0-387-06350-1, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§1.14(viii), §10.22(vi), §10.43(vi), §11.5(iii), §11.7(v), §11.9(iv), §12.12, §12.5(iv), §13.10(ii), §13.23(i), §14.17(v), §15.14, §18.17(ix), §20.10(ii), §5.13, §6.14(iii), §6.7(iv), §7.14(iii), §7.7(iii), §8.6(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Studies on the Painlevé equations. I. Sixth Painlevé equation $P_{\mathrm{VI}}$ . Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4) 146, pp. 337–381.

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External Links:

ISSN 0003-4622, Document, MathReview (Hélène Airault), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.10(vi), §32.6(v), §32.7(vii), §32.7(viii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Studies on the Painlevé equations. II. Fifth Painlevé equation $P_{\mathrm{V}}$ . Japan. J. Math. (N.S.) 13 (1), pp. 47–76.

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External Links:

ISSN 0289-2316, MathReview (Hélène Airault), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.10(v), §32.6(v), §32.7(viii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Studies on the Painlevé equations. IV. Third Painlevé equation $P_{\mathrm{III}}$ . Funkcial. Ekvac. 30 (2-3), pp. 305–332.

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External Links:

ISSN 0532-8721, FullText, MathReview (Hélène Airault), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.10(iii), §32.2(iii), §32.6(iv), §32.7(viii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Hyperasymptotics for nonlinear ODEs. II. The first Painlevé equation and a second-order Riccati equation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 461 (2062), pp. 3005–3021.

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External Links:

ISSN 1364-5021, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.11(v), §32.12(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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27: 10.43 Integrals

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10.43.22

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, : Ferrers function of the first kind, $P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the first kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the second kind, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $\nu$: complex parameter

Keywords:

Laplace transform, Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§10.43(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.43.E22

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.43(iv), §10.43 and Ch.10

►For the second equation there is a cut in the $a$-plane along the interval $[0,1]$, and all quantities assume their principal values (§4.2(i)). …

28: Bibliography

… ►

Asymptotics of solutions of the generalized sine-Gordon equation, the third Painlevé equation and the d’Alembert equation. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 280 (2), pp. 265–268 (Russian).

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Notes:

English translation: Soviet Math. Dokl. 31(1985), no. 1, pp. 45–47

External Links:

ISSN 0002-3264, MathReview (M. S. Agranovich), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.11(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Nonlinear chains and Painlevé equations. Phys. D 73 (4), pp. 335–351.

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External Links:

ISSN 0167-2789, Document, MathReview (F. Pempinelli), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.2(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The Whittaker-Hill equation and the wave equation in paraboloidal co-ordinates. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 67, pp. 265–276.

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External Links:

MathReview (H. Hochstadt), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§28.31(i), §28.31(ii), §28.31(ii), §28.32(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic Equations. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA.

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External Links:

ISBN 0-89871-412-5, MathReview (Michael Hanke), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.7(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Jacobi polynomials. I. New proofs of Koornwinder’s Laplace type integral representation and Bateman’s bilinear sum. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 5, pp. 119–124.

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External Links:

ISSN 1095-7154, Document, MathReview (R. P. Soni), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.18(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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29: Bibliography G

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The Computation of Special Functions by Linear Difference Equations. In Advances in Difference Equations (Veszprém, 1995), S. Elaydi, I. Győri, and G. Ladas (Eds.), pp. 213–243.

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External Links:

ISBN 90-5699-521-9, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.6(iii), §3.6(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Problem 72-21, Laplace transforms of Airy functions. SIAM Rev. 15 (4), pp. 796–798.

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Notes:

Problem proposed by P. Smith.

External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

(9.10.14), (9.10.15), (9.10.16), §9.10(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Linear Differential Equations and Group Theory from Riemann to Poincaré. 2nd edition, Birkhäuser Boston Inc., Boston, MA.

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External Links:

ISBN 0-8176-3837-7, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§15.17(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Special classes of solutions of Painlevé equations. Differ. Uravn. 18 (3), pp. 419–429 (Russian).

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Notes:

In Russian. English translation: Differential Equations 18(3), pp. 317–326.

External Links:

ISSN 0374-0641, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.10(iv), §32.10(v), §32.8(iii), §32.8(v), §32.9(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Theory of Painlevé’s equations. Differ. Uravn. 11 (11), pp. 373–376 (Russian).

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Notes:

In Russian. English translation: Differential Equations 11(11), pp. 285–287

External Links:

MathReview (Z. Nehari), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.7(iii), §32.7(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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30: 7.7 Integral Representations

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7.7.4 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-at}}{\sqrt{t+z^2}}dt=\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{a}}{\mathrm{e}}^{a{z}^2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(\sqrt{a}z\right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$, $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$.

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $z$: complex variable

Keywords:

Laplace transform

A&S Ref:

7.4.8

Referenced by:

§7.7(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.7.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.7(i), §7.7 and Ch.7

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7.7.15 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-at}\cos \left(t^2\right)dt=\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{2}}\mathrm{f}\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{2\pi }}\right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral and $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part

Keywords:

Laplace transform

A&S Ref:

7.4.22 (in different notation)

Referenced by:

§7.14(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.7.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.7(ii), §7.7(ii), §7.7 and Ch.7

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7.7.16 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-at}\sin \left(t^2\right)dt=\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{2}}\mathrm{g}\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{2\pi }}\right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $\sin z$: sine function

Keywords:

Laplace transform

A&S Ref:

7.4.23 (in different notation)

Referenced by:

§7.14(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.7.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.7(ii), §7.7(ii), §7.7 and Ch.7

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