Gauss–Legendre formula

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1: 3.5 Quadrature

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Gauss–Legendre Formula

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Table 3.5.1: Nodes and weights for the 5-point Gauss–Legendre formula.

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$\pm x_k$		$w_k$
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Table 3.5.2: Nodes and weights for the 10-point Gauss–Legendre formula.

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$\pm x_k$	$w_k$
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Table 3.5.3: Nodes and weights for the 20-point Gauss–Legendre formula.

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$\pm x_k$	$w_k$
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Table 3.5.5: Nodes and weights for the 80-point Gauss–Legendre formula.

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$\pm x_k$	$w_k$
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2: 6.18 Methods of Computation

… ►For an application of the Gauss-Legendre formula (§3.5(v)) see Tooper and Mark (1968). …

3: 18.5 Explicit Representations

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§18.5(ii) Rodrigues Formulas

… ►Related formula: … ►and two similar formulas by symmetry; compare the second row in Table 18.6.1. … ►For corresponding formulas for Chebyshev, Legendre, and the Hermite ${\mathit{He}}_n$ polynomials apply (18.7.3)–(18.7.6), (18.7.9), and (18.7.11). … ►

Legendre

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4: Errata

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The wording was changed to make the integration variable more apparent.

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Additional keywords are being added to formulas (an ongoing project); these are visible in the associated ‘info boxes’ linked to the icons to the right of each formula, and provide better search capabilities.

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Sentences were added specifying that some equations in these subsections require special care under certain circumstances. Also, (15.4.6) was expanded by adding the formula $F(a,b;a;z)={(1-z)}^{-b}$.

Report by Louis Klauder on 2017-01-01.

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This subsection now identifies Equations (14.18.6) and (14.18.7) as Christoffel’s Formulas.

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A new Subsection Continued Fractions, has been added to cover computation of the Gauss hypergeometric functions by continued fractions.

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5: Frank W. J. Olver

… ►Olver joined NIST in 1961 after having been recruited by Milton Abramowitz to be the author of the Chapter “Bessel Functions of Integer Order” in the Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, a publication which went on to become the most widely distributed and most highly cited publication in NIST’s history. … ►, Bessel functions, hypergeometric functions, Legendre functions). … ►In a review of that volume, Jet Wimp of Drexel University said that the papers “exemplify a redoubtable mathematical talent, the work of a man who has done more than almost anyone else in the 20th century to bestow on the discipline of applied mathematics the elegance and rigor that its earliest practitioners, such as Gauss and Laplace, would have wished for it. …

6: 15.9 Relations to Other Functions

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Legendre

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15.9.7 $$P_n\left(x\right)=F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-n,n+1}{1};\frac{1-x}{2}).$$

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Symbols:

$F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_{2}F_1(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $P_n\left(x\right)$: Legendre polynomial, $x$: real variable and $n$: integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.9.E7

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §15.9(i), §15.9(i), §15.9 and Ch.15

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§15.9(iv) Associated Legendre Functions; Ferrers Functions

►Any hypergeometric function for which a quadratic transformation exists can be expressed in terms of associated Legendre functions or Ferrers functions. … ►The following formulas apply with principal branches of the hypergeometric functions, associated Legendre functions, and fractional powers. …

7: 19.21 Connection Formulas

§19.21 Connection Formulas

… ►Legendre’s relation (19.7.1) can be written … ►The complete cases of $R_F$ and $R_G$ have connection formulas resulting from those for the Gauss hypergeometric function (Erdélyi et al. (1953a, §2.9)). … ►If and $y=z+1$, then as $p\to 0$ (19.21.6) reduces to Legendre’s relation (19.21.1). … ►Connection formulas for $R_{-a}(\mathbf{b};\mathbf{z})$ are given in Carlson (1977b, pp. 99, 101, and 123–124). …

8: Bibliography G

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Contiguous relations and summation and transformation formulae for basic hypergeometric series. J. Difference Equ. Appl. 19 (12), pp. 2029–2042.

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External Links:

ISSN 1023-6198, Document, FullText, MathReview (Thomas Britz), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§17.7(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Werke. Band II. pp. 436–447 (German).

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Notes:

Reprinted by Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1973.

External Links:

FullText, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§27.2(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Gauss quadrature approximations to hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 139 (1), pp. 173–187.

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External Links:

ISSN 0377-0427, Document, MathReview (Hasan Taşeli), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§13.29(iii), §15.19(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Calculation of Gauss quadrature rules. Math. Comp. 23 (106), pp. 221–230.

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Notes:

Loose microfiche suppl. A1–A10

External Links:

FullText, MathReview (F. Stenger), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.5(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Explicit formulas for Bernoulli numbers. Amer. Math. Monthly 79, pp. 44–51.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview (B. M. Stewart), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.15(iii), §24.6.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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9: Bibliography V

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Some Wonderful Formulas $\mathrm{\dots }$ an Introduction to Polylogarithms. In Proceedings of the Queen’s Number Theory Conference, 1979 (Kingston, Ont., 1979), R. Ribenboim (Ed.), Queen’s Papers in Pure and Appl. Math., Vol. 54, Kingston, Ont., pp. 269–286.

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External Links:

MathReview (F. Beukers), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(25.6.10), (25.6.8), (25.6.9), §25.6(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Certain summation formulae for $q$-series. J. Indian Math. Soc. (N.S.) 47 (1-4), pp. 71–85 (1986).

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External Links:

ISSN 0019-5839, MathReview Entry

Referenced by:

(17.6.4_5), §17.6(i), (17.8.8), §17.8.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Transformations of some Gauss hypergeometric functions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 178 (1-2), pp. 473–487.

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External Links:

ISSN 0377-0427, Document, Link, MathReview (Wolfgang Bühring)

Referenced by:

§15.8(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Generalized Associated Legendre Functions and their Applications. World Scientific Publishing Co. Inc., Singapore.

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External Links:

ISBN 981-02-4353-7, MathReview (B. D. Agrawal), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§14.29.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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10: 18.12 Generating Functions

… ►and a similar formula by symmetry; compare the second row in Table 18.6.1. For the hypergeometric function ${}_{2}F_1$ see §§15.1, 15.2(i). … ►

Legendre

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18.12.11 $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-2xz+z^2}}=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{P}_n\left(x\right)z^n,$$ .

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Symbols:

$P_n\left(x\right)$: Legendre polynomial, $z$: complex variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

22.9.12

Referenced by:

§18.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.12.E11

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §18.12, §18.12 and Ch.18

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18.12.12 $${\mathrm{e}}^{xz}{J}_0\left(z\sqrt{1-x^2}\right)=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{P_n\left(x\right)}{n!}{z}^n.$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $P_n\left(x\right)$: Legendre polynomial, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $z$: complex variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Referenced by:

§18.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.12.E12

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §18.12, §18.12 and Ch.18

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