Dirichlet theorem

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1: 27.11 Asymptotic Formulas: Partial Sums

… ►where $\left(h,k\right)=1$, $k>0$. ►Letting $x\to \mathrm{\infty }$ in (27.11.9) or in (27.11.11) we see that there are infinitely many primes $p\equiv h(modk)$ if $h,k$ are coprime; this is Dirichlet’s theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions. …

2: 25.15 Dirichlet $L$-functions

… ►This result plays an important role in the proof of Dirichlet’s theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions (§27.11). Related results are: ►

25.15.10

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Symbols:

$L(s,\chi )$: Dirichlet $L$-function, $k$: nonnegative integer and $\chi (n)$: Dirichlet character

Keywords:

zeros

Source:

Apostol (1976, Theorem 12.20, p. 268)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.1.4) for Equation (25.15.10)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.15.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.1.4):

The upper-index of the finite sum which originally was $k$, was replaced with $k-1$ since $\chi (k)=0$.

Suggested 2021-08-23 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §25.15(ii), §25.15 and Ch.25

3: 27.8 Dirichlet Characters

… ►For any character $\chi (modk)$, $\chi \left(n\right)\ne 0$ if and only if $\left(n,k\right)=1$, in which case the Euler–Fermat theorem (27.2.8) implies ${\left(\chi \left(n\right)\right)}^{\varphi \left(k\right)}=1$. …

4: 27.4 Euler Products and Dirichlet Series

§27.4 Euler Products and Dirichlet Series

►The fundamental theorem of arithmetic is linked to analysis through the concept of the Euler product. … ►

27.4.4 $$F(s)=\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}f(n)n^{-s},$$

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Symbols:

$n$: positive integer, $f$: multiplicative function and $F(s)$: generating function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.4.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §27.4 and Ch.27

►called Dirichlet series with coefficients $f(n)$. The function $F(s)$ is a generating function, or more precisely, a Dirichlet generating function, for the coefficients. …

5: Bibliography

… ►

Theorems on generalized Dedekind sums. Pacific J. Math. 2 (1), pp. 1–9.

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External Links:

MathReview (N. G. de Bruijn), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(25.11.41), (25.11.42), §25.11(xii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Dirichlet series related to the Riemann zeta function. J. Number Theory 19 (1), pp. 85–102.

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External Links:

ISSN 0022-314X, Document, MathReview (Kai Man Tsang), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(25.16.10), (25.16.11), (25.16.12), (25.16.14), (25.16.15), (25.16.5), (25.16.6), (25.16.7), (25.16.8), (25.16.9), §25.16(ii), §25.16(ii), §25.16.

Encodings:

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Note on the trivial zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 94 (1), pp. 29–30.

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External Links:

ISSN 0002-9939, FullText, MathReview (Jerzy Kaczorowski), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(25.15.7), (25.15.8), §25.15(ii), §25.15.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Modular Functions and Dirichlet Series in Number Theory. 2nd edition, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Vol. 41, Springer-Verlag, New York.

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External Links:

ISBN 0-387-97127-0, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§17.2(i), §23.10(iv), §23.15(i), §23.17(ii), §23.18, §23.18, §23.19, §23.20(i), §23.20(v), Ch.23, §27.14(iii), §27.14(iv), §27.14(vi), §27.7, Ch.27.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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A Centennial History of the Prime Number Theorem. In Number Theory, Trends Math., pp. 1–14.

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External Links:

MathReview (Giovanni Coppola), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(25.16.2), (25.16.4), §25.16(i), §25.16.

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

6: Bibliography G

… ►

Formulas of the Dirichlet-Mehler Type. In Fractional Calculus and its Applications, B. Ross (Ed.), Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 457, pp. 207–215.

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External Links:

MathReview (Mourad E. H. Ismail), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.10(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

A theorem on the numerators of the Bernoulli numbers. Amer. Math. Monthly 97 (2), pp. 136–138.

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External Links:

ISSN 0002-9890, FullText, MathReview (L. Skula), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.10(iv), §24.16(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Dirichlet convolution of cotangent numbers and relative class number formulas. Monatsh. Math. 110 (3-4), pp. 231–256.

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External Links:

ISSN 0026-9255, MathReview (Peter Stevenhagen), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.16(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Multilateral summation theorems for ordinary and basic hypergeometric series in $\mathrm{U}(n)$ . SIAM J. Math. Anal. 18 (6), pp. 1576–1596.

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External Links:

ISSN 0036-1410, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§17.15.

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

7: 25.2 Definition and Expansions

… ►For further expansions of functions similar to (25.2.1) (Dirichlet series) see §27.4. … ►

25.2.8 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\sum _{k=1}^N\frac{1}{k^s}+\frac{N^{1-s}}{s-1}-s{\int }_N^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{x-\lfloor x\rfloor }{x^{s+1}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>0$, $N=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Source:

Apostol (1976, (25), p. 269)

Proof sketch:

Derivable from Apostol (1976, Theorem 12.21, p. 269) by setting $a=1$ and $N\mapsto N-1$.

A&S Ref:

23.2.9

Referenced by:

(25.2.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iii), §25.2 and Ch.25

…

8: Bibliography D

… ►

Note on the addition theorem of parabolic cylinder functions. J. Indian Math. Soc. (N. S.) 4, pp. 29–30.

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External Links:

MathReview (M. C. Gray), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§12.13(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Ramanujan’s master theorem for symmetric cones. Pacific J. Math. 175 (2), pp. 447–490.

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External Links:

ISSN 0030-8730, MathReview (Jacques Faraut), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§35.7(ii), §35.8(iv), §35.8(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Beweis des Satzes, dass jede unbegrenzte arithmetische Progression, deren erstes Glied und Differenz ganze Zahlen ohne gemeinschaftlichen Factor sind, unendlich viele Primzahlen enthält. Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften von 1837, pp. 45–81 (German).

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Notes:

Reprinted in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, Band I, pp. 313–342, Reimer, Berlin, 1889 and with corrections in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, AMS Chelsea Publishing Series, Providence, RI, 1969.

External Links:

ISBN 0-8284-0225-6, Link, MathReview

Referenced by:

§25.15(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Über die Bestimmung der mittleren Werthe in der Zahlentheorie. Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften von 1849, pp. 69–83 (German).

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Notes:

Reprinted in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, Band II, pp. 49–66, Reimer, Berlin, 1897 and with corrections in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, AMS Chelsea Publishing Series, Providence, RI, 1969.

External Links:

ISBN 0-8284-0225-6, Link, MathReview

Referenced by:

§27.11.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

On Vandermonde’s theorem, and some more general expansions. Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. 25, pp. 114–132.

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External Links:

ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§15.4(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

9: 18.10 Integral Representations

… ►

§18.10(i) Dirichlet–Mehler-Type Integral Representations

…

10: Errata

… ►We now include Markov’s Theorem. In regard to orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle, we now discuss monic polynomials, Verblunsky’s Theorem, and Szegő’s theorem. … ►

Immediately below (27.11.2), the bound ${\theta }_0$ for Dirichlet’s divisor problem (currently still unsolved) has been changed from $\frac{12}{37}$ Kolesnik (1969) to $\frac{131}{416}$ Huxley (2003).

… ►

The largest known prime, which is a Mersenne prime, was updated from $2^{43,112,609}-1$ (2009) to $2^{82,589,933}-1$ (2018).

… ►

We have emphasized the link with the Dirichlet $L$-function, and used the fact that $\chi (k)=0$. A sentence just below (25.11.36) was added indicating that one should make a comparison with (25.15.1) and (25.15.3).

…