Bessel equation

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31: Bibliography D

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Convergent Liouville-Green expansions for second-order linear differential equations, with an application to Bessel functions. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 440, pp. 37–54.

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External Links:

ISSN 0962-8444, FullText, MathReview (W. Balser), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.41(iii), §2.8(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Bessel functions of purely imaginary order, with an application to second-order linear differential equations having a large parameter. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 21 (4), pp. 995–1018.

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Notes:

Errata: In eq. (2.8) replace ${(x^2/4)}^2$ by ${(x^2/4)}^s$. In eq. (4.2) $\varphi (\zeta )$ should be replaced by $\psi (\zeta )$. In the second line of eq. (4.7) insert an external factor $e^{-2\pi ij/3}$ and change the upper limit of the sum to $n-1$. In eq. (4.15) the factor $\zeta$ is missing from the arguments of the functions Bi_ν and Bi’_ν.

External Links:

ISSN 0036-1410, Document, MathReview (A. de Castro Brzezicki), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.24, §10.45, §2.8(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Convergent expansions for solutions of linear ordinary differential equations having a simple turning point, with an application to Bessel functions. Stud. Appl. Math. 107 (3), pp. 293–323.

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External Links:

ISSN 0022-2526, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.20(ii), §2.8(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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32: 2.8 Differential Equations with a Parameter

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§2.8(iv) Case III: Simple Pole

… ►For other examples of uniform asymptotic approximations and expansions of special functions in terms of Bessel functions or modified Bessel functions of fixed order see §§13.8(iii), 13.21(i), 13.21(iv), 14.15(i), 14.15(iii), 14.20(vii), 15.12(iii), 18.15(i), 18.15(iv), 18.24, 33.20(iv). … ►For further examples of uniform asymptotic approximations in terms of parabolic cylinder functions see §§13.20(iii), 13.20(iv), 14.15(v), 15.12(iii), 18.24. …

33: 18.12 Generating Functions

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18.12.2 $${}_0{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-}{\alpha +1};\frac{(x-1)z}{2}){}_0{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-}{\beta +1};\frac{(x+1)z}{2})={\left(\frac{1}{2}(1-x)z\right)}^{-\frac{1}{2}\alpha }{J}_{\alpha }\left(\sqrt{2(1-x)z}\right){\left(\frac{1}{2}(1+x)z\right)}^{-\frac{1}{2}\beta }{I}_{\beta }\left(\sqrt{2(1+x)z}\right)=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}\left(x\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+\alpha +1\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+\beta +1\right)}{z}^n,$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}\left(x\right)$: Jacobi polynomial, ${}_p{}^{}𝐅_q^{}(𝐚;𝐛;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}𝐅_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{𝐚}{𝐛};z)$: scaled (or Olver’s) generalized hypergeometric function, $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $z$: complex variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Source:

Koekoek et al. (2010, (9.8.12))

Referenced by:

§18.12, §18.12, Erratum (V1.2.0) for Equation (18.12.2)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.12.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §18.12, §18.12 and Ch.18

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34: 1.18 Linear Second Order Differential Operators and Eigenfunction Expansions

… ►By Bessel’s differential equation in the form (10.13.1) we have the functions $\sqrt{x}{J}_{\nu }\left(x\sqrt{\lambda }\right)$ ($\lambda \ge 0$, for $J_{\nu }$ see §10.2(ii)) as eigenfunctions with eigenvalue $\lambda$ of the self-adjoint extension of the differential operator …

35: 3.6 Linear Difference Equations

§3.6 Linear Difference Equations

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§3.6(ii) Homogeneous Equations

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§3.6(iv) Inhomogeneous Equations

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Example 1. Bessel Functions

►The difference equation …

36: 10.38 Derivatives with Respect to Order

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10.38.1 $$\frac{\partial I_{\pm \nu }\left(z\right)}{\partial \nu }=\pm I_{\pm \nu }\left(z\right)\ln \left(\frac{1}{2}z\right)\mp {(\frac{1}{2}z)}^{\pm \nu }\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\psi \left(k+1\pm \nu \right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(k+1\pm \nu \right)}\frac{{(\frac{1}{4}{z}^2)}^k}{k!},$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.6.42

Referenced by:

§10.38, §10.38, Erratum (V1.0.17) for Equations (10.15.1), (10.38.1)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.38.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.17):

This equation has been generalized to include the additional case of $\partial I_{-\nu }\left(z\right)/\partial \nu$ because it will help the user who wants to combine it with (10.38.2).

See also:

Annotations for §10.38 and Ch.10

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37: Bibliography B

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Bessel functions and modular relations of higher type and hyperbolic differential equations. Comm. Sém. Math. Univ. Lund [Medd. Lunds Univ. Mat. Sem.] 1952 (Tome Supplementaire), pp. 12–20.

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External Links:

MathReview (S. C. van Veen), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§35.5(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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38: 10.74 Methods of Computation

… ►In the case of $J_n\left(x\right)$, the need for initial values can be avoided by application of Olver’s algorithm (§3.6(v)) in conjunction with Equation (10.12.4) used as a normalizing condition, or in the case of noninteger orders, (10.23.15). …

39: 13.11 Series

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13.11.2 $$M(a,b,z)=\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b-a-\frac{1}{2}\right){\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{2}z}{\left(\frac{1}{4}z\right)}^{a-b+\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^s\frac{{\left(2b-2a-1\right)}_s{\left(b-2a\right)}_s(b-a-\frac{1}{2}+s)}{{\left(b\right)}_{s}s!}{I}_{b-a-\frac{1}{2}+s}\left(\frac{1}{2}z\right),$$ $b-a+\frac{1}{2},b\ne 0,-1,-2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $M(a,b,z)$: $={}_1{}^{}F_1^{}(a;b;z)$ Kummer confluent hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $s$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Proof sketch:

Combine (13.24.1) with (13.14.4).

A&S Ref:

13.3.6

Referenced by:

§13.11, §13.6(iii), §13.6(iii), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/13.11.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §13.11 and Ch.13

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13.11.3 $$𝐌(a,b,z)={\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{2}z}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{A}_s{\left(b-2a\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}(1-b-s)}{\left(\frac{1}{2}z\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}(1-b+s)}{J}_{b-1+s}\left(\sqrt{2z(b-2a)}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $𝐌(a,b,z)$: Olver’s confluent hypergeometric function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $s$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $A_n$: coefficients

Source:

Slater (1960, §3.8)

A&S Ref:

13.3.7

Referenced by:

§13.11, Erratum (V1.1.0) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/13.11.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §13.11 and Ch.13

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40: 10.22 Integrals

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10.22.37 $${\int }_0^{1}t{J}_{\nu }\left(j_{\nu ,\mathrm{\ell }}t\right)J_{\nu }\left(j_{\nu ,m}t\right)dt=\frac{1}{2}{\left(J_{\nu }^{\prime }\left(j_{\nu ,\mathrm{\ell }}\right)\right)}^2{\delta }_{\mathrm{\ell },m},$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, ${\delta }_{j,k}$: Kronecker delta, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $m$: integer and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

11.4.5

Referenced by:

§10.22(ii), Erratum (V1.0.17) for Equations (10.22.37), (10.22.38), (14.17.6)–(14.17.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.22.E37

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.0.17):

The Kronecker delta symbol has been moved furthest to the right.

See also:

Annotations for §10.22(ii), §10.22(ii), §10.22 and Ch.10

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10.22.38 $${\int }_0^{1}t{J}_{\nu }\left({\alpha }_{\mathrm{\ell }}t\right)J_{\nu }\left({\alpha }_{m}t\right)dt=\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+{\alpha }_{\mathrm{\ell }}^2-{\nu }^2\right)\frac{{(J_{\nu }\left({\alpha }_{\mathrm{\ell }}\right))}^2}{2{\alpha }_{\mathrm{\ell }}^2}{\delta }_{\mathrm{\ell },m},$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, ${\delta }_{j,k}$: Kronecker delta, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $m$: integer and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

11.4.5

Referenced by:

§10.22(ii), Erratum (V1.0.17) for Equations (10.22.37), (10.22.38), (14.17.6)–(14.17.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.22.E38

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.0.17):

The Kronecker delta symbol has been moved furthest to the right.

See also:

Annotations for §10.22(ii), §10.22(ii), §10.22 and Ch.10

… ►Equation (10.22.70) also remains valid if the order $\nu +1$ of the $J$ functions on both sides is replaced by $\nu +2n-3$, $n=1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$, and the constraint $\mathrm{\Re }\nu >-\frac{3}{2}$ is replaced by $\mathrm{\Re }\nu >-n+\frac{1}{2}$. … ►

10.22.72 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{J}_{\mu }\left(at\right)J_{\nu }\left(bt\right)J_{\nu }\left(ct\right)t^{1-\mu }dt=\frac{{(bc)}^{\mu -1}\sin \left((\mu -\nu )\pi \right){(\sinh \chi )}^{\mu -\frac{1}{2}}}{{(\frac{1}{2}{\pi }^3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{a}^{\mu }}{\mathrm{e}}^{(\mu -\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{i}\pi }{Q}_{\nu -\frac{1}{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}-\mu }\left(\cosh \chi \right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\mu >-\frac{1}{2},\mathrm{\Re }\nu >-1,a>b+c,\cosh \chi =(a^2-b^2-c^2)/(2bc)$.

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $\sin z$: sine function and $\nu$: complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§10.22(iv), §10.22(iv), Erratum (V1.0.21) for Equation (10.22.72)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.22.E72

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.0.21):

Originally, the factor on the right-hand side was written as $\frac{{(bc)}^{\mu -1}\cos \left(\nu \pi \right){(\sinh \chi )}^{\mu -\frac{1}{2}}}{{(\frac{1}{2}{\pi }^3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{a}^{\mu }}$, which was taken directly from Watson (1944, p. 412, (13.46.5)), who uses a different normalization for the associated Legendre functions of the second kind $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }$. Watson’s $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }$ equals $\frac{\sin \left((\nu +\mu )\pi \right)}{\sin \left(\nu \pi \right)}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mu \pi \mathrm{i}}{Q}_{\nu }^{\mu }$ in the DLMF.

See also:

Annotations for §10.22(iv), §10.22(iv), §10.22 and Ch.10

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10.22.78 $$f(x)={\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(xt)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{J_{\nu }\left(xt\right)Y_{\nu }\left(at\right)-Y_{\nu }\left(xt\right)J_{\nu }\left(at\right)}{J_{\nu }^2\left(at\right)+Y_{\nu }^2\left(at\right)}{\int }_a^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(yt)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\left(J_{\nu }\left(yt\right)Y_{\nu }\left(at\right)-Y_{\nu }\left(yt\right)J_{\nu }\left(at\right)\right)f(y)dydt,$$ $a>0$.

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable, $\nu$: complex parameter and $f(x)$: function

Sources:

Titchmarsh (1962a, p. 87); Watson (1944, §14.52)

Referenced by:

§1.18(ix), §1.18(vi), §10.22(vi), Erratum (V1.2.0) for Chapter 10 Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.22.E78

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.2.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §10.22(v), §10.22 and Ch.10

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