Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials

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1: 24.1 Special Notation

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Bernoulli Numbers and Polynomials

►The origin of the notation $B_n$, $B_n\left(x\right)$, is not clear. … ►

Euler Numbers and Polynomials

… ►Its coefficients were first studied in Euler (1755); they were called Euler numbers by Raabe in 1851. The notations $E_n$, $E_n\left(x\right)$, as defined in §24.2(ii), were used in Lucas (1891) and Nörlund (1924). …

2: 24.21 Software

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§24.21(ii) $B_n$, $B_n\left(x\right)$, $E_n$, and $E_n\left(x\right)$

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3: 24.14 Sums

§24.14 Sums

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§24.14(i) Quadratic Recurrence Relations

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24.14.4 $$\sum _{k=0}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}\right)E_k{E}_{n-k}=-2^{n+1}{E}_{n+1}\left(0\right)=-2^{n+2}(1-2^{n+2})\frac{B_{n+2}}{n+2}.$$

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $E_n$: Euler numbers, $E_n\left(x\right)$: Euler polynomials, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $k$: integer and $n$: integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.14.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §24.14(i), §24.14 and Ch.24

… ►For other sums involving Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials see Hansen (1975, pp. 331–347) and Prudnikov et al. (1990, pp. 383–386).

4: 24.6 Explicit Formulas

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24.6.6 $$E_{2n}=\sum _{k=1}^{2n}\frac{{(-1)}^k}{2^{k-1}}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{2n+1}{k+1}\right)\sum _{j=0}^{\lfloor \frac{1}{2}k-\frac{1}{2}\rfloor }\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k}{j}\right){(k-2j)}^{2n}.$$

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Symbols:

$E_n$: Euler numbers, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $j$: integer, $k$: integer and $n$: integer

Referenced by:

§24.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.6.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §24.6 and Ch.24

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5: 24.5 Recurrence Relations

§24.5 Recurrence Relations

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6: 24.2 Definitions and Generating Functions

§24.2 Definitions and Generating Functions

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§24.2(i) Bernoulli Numbers and Polynomials

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§24.2(ii) Euler Numbers and Polynomials

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§24.2(iii) Periodic Bernoulli and Euler Functions

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Table 24.2.1: Bernoulli and Euler numbers.

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$n$	$B_n$	$E_n$
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7: 24.9 Inequalities

§24.9 Inequalities

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8: 24.11 Asymptotic Approximations

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24.11.4 $${(-1)}^n{E}_{2n}\sim 8\sqrt{\frac{n}{\pi }}{\left(\frac{4n}{\pi \mathrm{e}}\right)}^{2n}.$$

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Symbols:

$E_n$: Euler numbers, $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm and $n$: integer

Referenced by:

§24.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.11.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §24.11 and Ch.24

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9: 17.3 $q$-Elementary and $q$-Special Functions

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§17.3(iii) Bernoulli Polynomials; Euler and Stirling Numbers

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10: 24.19 Methods of Computation

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§24.19(i) Bernoulli and Euler Numbers and Polynomials

… ►For algorithms for computing $B_n$, $E_n$, $B_n\left(x\right)$, and $E_n\left(x\right)$ see Spanier and Oldham (1987, pp. 37, 41, 171, and 179–180). …