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1: 16.13 Appell Functions

§16.13 Appell Functions

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16.13.1 $$F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)=\sum _{m,n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\alpha \right)}_{m+n}{\left(\beta \right)}_m{\left({\beta }^{\prime }\right)}_n}{{\left(\gamma \right)}_{m+n}m!n!}{x}^m{y}^n,$$ ,

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Defines:

$F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)$: first Appell function

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.13.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.13 and Ch.16

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16.13.2 $$F_2(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x,y)=\sum _{m,n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\alpha \right)}_{m+n}{\left(\beta \right)}_m{\left({\beta }^{\prime }\right)}_n}{{\left(\gamma \right)}_m{\left({\gamma }^{\prime }\right)}_{n}m!n!}{x}^m{y}^n,$$ ,

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Defines:

$F_2(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x,y)$: second Appell function

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.13.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.13 and Ch.16

… ►

16.13.4 $$F_4(\alpha ,\beta ;\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x,y)=\sum _{m,n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\alpha \right)}_{m+n}{\left(\beta \right)}_{m+n}}{{\left(\gamma \right)}_m{\left({\gamma }^{\prime }\right)}_{n}m!n!}{x}^m{y}^n,$$ .

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Defines:

$F_4(\alpha ,\beta ;\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x,y)$: fourth Appell function

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.13.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.13 and Ch.16

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2: 16.16 Transformations of Variables

§16.16 Transformations of Variables

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§16.16(i) Reduction Formulas

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16.16.7 $$F_4(\alpha ,\beta ;\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x(1-y),y(1-x))=\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\alpha \right)}_k{\left(\beta \right)}_k{\left(\alpha +\beta -\gamma -{\gamma }^{\prime }+1\right)}_k}{{\left(\gamma \right)}_k{\left({\gamma }^{\prime }\right)}_{k}k!}{x}^k{y}^k{}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\alpha +k,\beta +k}{\gamma +k};x){}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\alpha +k,\beta +k}{{\gamma }^{\prime }+k};y);$$

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Symbols:

$F_4(\alpha ,\beta ;\gamma ,{\gamma }^{\prime };x,y)$: fourth Appell function, ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$: $=F(a,b;c;z)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $!$: factorial (as in $n!$)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.16.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.16(i), §16.16 and Ch.16

… ►For quadratic transformations of Appell functions see Carlson (1976).

3: 17.11 Transformations of $q$-Appell Functions

§17.11 Transformations of $q$-Appell Functions

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17.11.1 $${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(1)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)=\frac{{(a,bx,b^{\prime }y;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(c,x,y;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{}_3{}^{}\varphi _2^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{c/a,x,y}{bx,b^{\prime }y};q,a),$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(1)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)$: first $q$-Appell function, ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s;q,z)$ or ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s};q,z)$: basic hypergeometric (or $q$-hypergeometric) function, ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: complex base, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

§17.11, Erratum (V1.0.10) for Section 17.1

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.11.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(1)}$ has been updated to that of Gasper and Rahman (2004) to explicitly include the $q$ argument.

See also:

Annotations for §17.11 and Ch.17

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17.11.2 $${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(2)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)=\frac{{(b,ax;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(c,x;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}\sum _{n,r\geqq 0}\frac{{(a,b^{\prime };q)}_n{(c/b,x;q)}_r{b}^r{y}^n}{{(q,c^{\prime };q)}_n{(q;q)}_r{(ax;q)}_{n+r}},$$

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Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(2)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)$: second $q$-Appell function, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: complex base, $n$: nonnegative integer, $r$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.10) for Section 17.1, Erratum (V1.1.3) for Equation (17.11.2)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.11.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.3):

The factor ${\left(q\right)}_r$ originally used in the denominator has been corrected to be ${(q;q)}_r$.

Correction (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(2)}$ has been updated to that of Gasper and Rahman (2004) to explicitly include the $q$ argument.

See also:

Annotations for §17.11 and Ch.17

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17.11.3 $${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(3)}(a,a^{\prime };b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)=\frac{{(a,bx;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(c,x;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}\sum _{n,r\geqq 0}\frac{{(a^{\prime },b^{\prime };q)}_n{(x;q)}_r{(c/a;q)}_{n+r}{a}^r{y}^n}{{(q,c/a;q)}_n{(q,bx;q)}_r}.$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(3)}(a,a^{\prime };b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)$: third $q$-Appell function, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: complex base, $n$: nonnegative integer, $r$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

§17.11, Erratum (V1.0.10) for Section 17.1

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.11.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(3)}$ has been updated to that of Gasper and Rahman (2004) to explicitly include the $q$ argument.

See also:

Annotations for §17.11 and Ch.17

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17.11.4 $$\sum _{m_1,\mathrm{\dots },m_n\geqq 0}\frac{{(a;q)}_{m_1+m_2+\mathrm{\cdots }+m_n}{(b_1;q)}_{m_1}{(b_2;q)}_{m_2}\mathrm{\cdots }{(b_n;q)}_{m_n}{x}_1^{m_1}{x}_2^{m_2}\mathrm{\cdots }{x}_n^{m_n}}{{(q;q)}_{m_1}{(q;q)}_{m_2}\mathrm{\cdots }{(q;q)}_{m_n}{(c;q)}_{m_1+m_2+\mathrm{\cdots }+m_n}}=\frac{{(a,b_1{x}_1,b_2{x}_2,\mathrm{\dots },b_n{x}_n;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{{(c,x_1,x_2,\mathrm{\dots },x_n;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}}{}_{n+1}{}^{}\varphi _n^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{c/a,x_1,x_2,\mathrm{\dots },x_n}{b_1{x}_1,b_2{x}_2,\mathrm{\dots },b_n{x}_n};q,a).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s;q,z)$ or ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s};q,z)$: basic hypergeometric (or $q$-hypergeometric) function, ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.11.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.11 and Ch.17

4: 16.14 Partial Differential Equations

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§16.14(i) Appell Functions

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$$x(1-x)\frac{{\partial }^2{F}_1}{{\partial x}^2}+y(1-x)\frac{{\partial }^2{F}_1}{\partial x\partial y}+\left(\gamma -(\alpha +\beta +1)x\right)\frac{\partial F_1}{\partial x}-\beta y\frac{\partial F_1}{\partial y}-\alpha \beta F_1=0,$$

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$$y(1-y)\frac{{\partial }^2{F}_1}{{\partial y}^2}+x(1-y)\frac{{\partial }^2{F}_1}{\partial x\partial y}+\left(\gamma -(\alpha +{\beta }^{\prime }+1)y\right)\frac{\partial F_1}{\partial y}-{\beta }^{\prime }x\frac{\partial F_1}{\partial x}-\alpha {\beta }^{\prime }{F}_1=0,$$

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$$x(1-x)\frac{{\partial }^2{F}_2}{{\partial x}^2}-xy\frac{{\partial }^2{F}_2}{\partial x\partial y}+\left(\gamma -(\alpha +\beta +1)x\right)\frac{\partial F_2}{\partial x}-\beta y\frac{\partial F_2}{\partial y}-\alpha \beta F_2=0,$$

… ►In addition to the four Appell functions there are $24$ other sums of double series that cannot be expressed as a product of two ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}$ functions, and which satisfy pairs of linear partial differential equations of the second order. …

5: 17.4 Basic Hypergeometric Functions

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§17.4(iii) $q$-Appell Functions

… ►

17.4.5 $${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(1)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)=\sum _{m,n\ge 0}\frac{{(a;q)}_{m+n}{(b;q)}_m{(b^{\prime };q)}_n{x}^m{y}^n}{{(q;q)}_m{(q;q)}_n{(c;q)}_{m+n}},$$

ⓘ

Defines:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(1)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)$: first $q$-Appell function

Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.10) for Section 17.1

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.4.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(1)}$ has been updated to that of Gasper and Rahman (2004) to explicitly include the $q$ argument.

See also:

Annotations for §17.4(iii), §17.4 and Ch.17

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17.4.6 $${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(2)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)=\sum _{m,n\ge 0}\frac{{(a;q)}_{m+n}{(b;q)}_m{(b^{\prime };q)}_n{x}^m{y}^n}{{(q,c;q)}_m{(q,c^{\prime };q)}_n},$$

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Defines:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(2)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)$: second $q$-Appell function

Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.10) for Section 17.1, Erratum (V1.1.3) for Equation (17.4.6)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.4.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.1.3):

The explicit usage of ${(q,c;q)}_m{(q,c^{\prime };q)}_n$ in the denominator of the right-hand side was used.

Correction (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(2)}$ has been updated to that of Gasper and Rahman (2004) to explicitly include the $q$ argument.

See also:

Annotations for §17.4(iii), §17.4 and Ch.17

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17.4.7 $${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(3)}(a,a^{\prime };b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)=\sum _{m,n\ge 0}\frac{{(a,b;q)}_m{(a^{\prime },b^{\prime };q)}_n{x}^m{y}^n}{{(q;q)}_m{(q;q)}_n{(c;q)}_{m+n}},$$

ⓘ

Defines:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(3)}(a,a^{\prime };b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)$: third $q$-Appell function

Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.10) for Section 17.1

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.4.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(3)}$ has been updated to that of Gasper and Rahman (2004) to explicitly include the $q$ argument.

See also:

Annotations for §17.4(iii), §17.4 and Ch.17

►

17.4.8 $${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(4)}(a,b;c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)=\sum _{m,n\ge 0}\frac{{(a,b;q)}_{m+n}{x}^m{y}^n}{{(q,c;q)}_m{(q,c^{\prime };q)}_n}.$$

ⓘ

Defines:

${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(4)}(a,b;c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)$: fourth $q$-Appell function

Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $y$: real variable

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.10) for Section 17.1

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.4.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(4)}$ has been updated to that of Gasper and Rahman (2004) to explicitly include the $q$ argument.

See also:

Annotations for §17.4(iii), §17.4 and Ch.17

…

6: 16.15 Integral Representations and Integrals

§16.15 Integral Representations and Integrals

… ►where $\mathrm{\Delta }$ is the triangle defined by $u\ge 0$, $v\ge 0$, $u+v\le 1$. …These representations can be used to derive analytic continuations of the Appell functions, including convergent series expansions for large $x$, large $y$, or both. For inverse Laplace transforms of Appell functions see Prudnikov et al. (1992b, §3.40).

7: 19.5 Maclaurin and Related Expansions

§19.5 Maclaurin and Related Expansions

… ►

19.5.4 $$\mathrm{\Pi }({\alpha }^2,k)=\frac{\pi }{2}\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_n}{n!}\sum _{m=0}^n\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_m}{m!}{k}^{2m}{\alpha }^{2n-2m}=\frac{\pi }{2}{F}_1(\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2},1;1;k^2,{\alpha }^2),$$

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Symbols:

$F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)$: first Appell function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{\Pi }({\alpha }^2,k)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the third kind, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real or complex modulus and ${\alpha }^2$: real or complex parameter

Source:

Carlson (1961b, (2.10))

Referenced by:

§19.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.5 and Ch.19

… ►where $F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)$ is an Appell function (§16.13). … ►where $k_0=k$ and …

8: 16.24 Physical Applications

§16.24 Physical Applications

►

§16.24(i) Random Walks

►Generalized hypergeometric functions and Appell functions appear in the evaluation of the so-called Watson integrals which characterize the simplest possible lattice walks. … ►

§16.24(ii) Loop Integrals in Feynman Diagrams

►Appell functions are used for the evaluation of one-loop integrals in Feynman diagrams. …

9: 17.1 Special Notation

… ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the basic hypergeometric (or $q$-hypergeometric) function ${}_r{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;b_1,b_2,\mathrm{\dots },b_s;q,z)$, the bilateral basic hypergeometric (or bilateral $q$-hypergeometric) function ${}_r{}^{}\psi _s^{}(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;b_1,b_2,\mathrm{\dots },b_s;q,z)$, and the $q$-analogs of the Appell functions ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(1)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)$, ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(2)}(a;b,b^{\prime };c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)$, ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(3)}(a,a^{\prime };b,b^{\prime };c;q;x,y)$, and ${\mathrm{\Phi }}^{(4)}(a,b;c,c^{\prime };q;x,y)$. …

10: 16 Generalized Hypergeometric Functions & Meijer G-Function

…