# §24.8 Series Expansions

## §24.8(i) Fourier Series

If $n=1,2,\dots$ and $0\leq x\leq 1$, then

 24.8.1 $\displaystyle B_{2n}\left(x\right)$ $\displaystyle=(-1)^{n+1}\frac{2(2n)!}{(2\pi)^{2n}}\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{% \cos\left(2\pi kx\right)}{k^{2n}},$ 24.8.2 $\displaystyle B_{2n+1}\left(x\right)$ $\displaystyle=(-1)^{n+1}\frac{2(2n+1)!}{(2\pi)^{2n+1}}\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac% {\sin\left(2\pi kx\right)}{k^{2n+1}}.$

The second expansion holds also for $n=0$ and $0.

If $n=1$ with $0, or $n=2,3,\dots$ with $0\leq x\leq 1$, then

 24.8.3 $B_{n}\left(x\right)=-\frac{n!}{(2\pi i)^{n}}\sum_{\begin{subarray}{c}k=-\infty% \\ k\neq 0\end{subarray}}^{\infty}\frac{e^{2\pi ikx}}{k^{n}}.$

If $n=1,2,\dots$ and $0\leq x\leq 1$, then

 24.8.4 $\displaystyle E_{2n}\left(x\right)$ $\displaystyle=(-1)^{n}\frac{4(2n)!}{\pi^{2n+1}}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{\sin% \left((2k+1)\pi x\right)}{(2k+1)^{2n+1}},$ 24.8.5 $\displaystyle E_{2n-1}\left(x\right)$ $\displaystyle=(-1)^{n}\frac{4(2n-1)!}{\pi^{2n}}\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{\cos% \left((2k+1)\pi x\right)}{(2k+1)^{2n}}.$

## §24.8(ii) Other Series

 24.8.6 $\displaystyle B_{4n+2}$ $\displaystyle=(8n+4)\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{k^{4n+1}}{e^{2\pi k}-1},$ $n=1,2,\dots$, ⓘ Symbols: $B_{\NVar{n}}$: Bernoulli numbers, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $k$: integer and $n$: integer Referenced by: §24.8(ii) Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.8.E6 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png See also: Annotations for §24.8(ii), §24.8 and Ch.24 24.8.7 $\displaystyle B_{2n}$ $\displaystyle=\frac{(-1)^{n+1}4n}{2^{2n}-1}\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{k^{2n-1}}{% e^{\pi k}+(-1)^{k+n}},$ $n=2,3,\dots$.

Let $\alpha\beta=\pi^{2}$. Then

 24.8.8 $\frac{B_{2n}}{4n}\left(\alpha^{n}-(-\beta)^{n}\right)=\alpha^{n}\sum_{k=1}^{% \infty}\frac{k^{2n-1}}{e^{2\alpha k}-1}-(-\beta)^{n}\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{k% ^{2n-1}}{e^{2\beta k}-1},$ $n=2,3,\dots$. ⓘ Symbols: $B_{\NVar{n}}$: Bernoulli numbers, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $k$: integer, $n$: integer, $\alpha$: parameter and $\beta$: parameter Referenced by: §24.8(ii) Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.8.E8 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png See also: Annotations for §24.8(ii), §24.8 and Ch.24
 24.8.9 $E_{2n}=(-1)^{n}\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{k^{2n}}{\cosh\left(\tfrac{1}{2}\pi k% \right)}-4\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{(-1)^{k}(2k+1)^{2n}}{e^{2\pi(2k+1)}-1},$ $n=1,2,\dots$.