Jacobian elliptic functions with real moduli in the intervals
and
, or with purely imaginary moduli are related to functions with
moduli in the interval
by the following formulas.
First
for all twelve functions.
Secondly,
Thirdly, with
When
is fixed each of the twelve Jacobian elliptic functions is a
meromorphic function of
. For illustrations see Figures
22.3.25–22.3.29. In consequence, the
formulas in this chapter remain valid when
is complex. In particular, the
Landen transformations in §§22.7(i) and 22.7(ii) are
valid for all complex values of
, irrespective of which values of
and
are chosen—as long as they are used consistently.
For proofs of these results and further information see
Walker (2003).