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19 Elliptic IntegralsSymmetric Integrals

§19.20 Special Cases

Contents

§19.20(i) \mathop{R_{F}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x,y,z\right)

In this subsection, and also §§19.20(ii)19.20(v), the variables of all R-functions satisfy the constraints specified in §19.16(i) unless other conditions are stated.

The first lemniscate constant is given by

19.20.2\int_{0}^{1}\frac{dt}{\sqrt{1-t^{4}}}=\mathop{R_{F}\/}\nolimits\!\left(0,1,2%
\right)=\frac{\left(\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)\right%
)^{2}}{4(2\pi)^{{1/2}}}=1.31102\;87771\;46059\;90523\dots.

Todd (1975) refers to a proof by T. Schneider that this is a transcendental number. The general lemniscatic case is

§19.20(iii) \mathop{R_{J}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x,y,z,p\right)

19.20.7\mathop{R_{J}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x,y,z,p\right)\to+\infty,p\to 0+ or 0-; x,y,z>0.

where x,y,z may be permuted.

When the variables are real and distinct, the various cases of \mathop{R_{J}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x,y,z,p\right) are called circular (hyperbolic) cases if (p-x)(p-y)(p-z) is positive (negative), because they typically occur in conjunction with inverse circular (hyperbolic) functions. Cases encountered in dynamical problems are usually circular; hyperbolic cases include Cauchy principal values. If x,y,z are permuted so that 0\leq x<y<z, then the Cauchy principal value of \mathop{R_{J}\/}\nolimits is given by

valid when

19.20.15
q>0,
p=\frac{z(x+y+q)-xy}{z+q},

or

19.20.16
p=wy+(1-w)z,
w=\frac{z-x}{z+q},
0<w<1.

Since x<y<p<z, p is in a hyperbolic region. In the complete case (x=0) (19.20.14) reduces to

§19.20(iv) \mathop{R_{D}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x,y,z\right)

The second lemniscate constant is given by

19.20.22\int_{0}^{1}\frac{t^{2}dt}{\sqrt{1-t^{4}}}=\tfrac{1}{3}\mathop{R_{D}\/}%
\nolimits\!\left(0,2,1\right)=\frac{\left(\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(%
\frac{3}{4}\right)\right)^{2}}{(2\pi)^{{1/2}}}=0.59907\;01173\;67796\;10371\dots.

Todd (1975) refers to a proof by T. Schneider that this is a transcendental number. Compare (19.20.2). The general lemniscatic case is

§19.20(v) \mathop{R_{{-a}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\mathbf{b};\mathbf{z}\right)

Define c=\sum_{{j=1}}^{n}b_{j}. Then

where T_{N} is defined by (19.19.1). Also,

See also (19.16.11) and (19.16.19).